State why the valency of metal magnesium is +2 and of the non-metal chloride is -1
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Vanadium, Elemental (alias of Vanadium metallicum)
CAS RN: 7440-62-2
Other Properties
Two naturally occurring isotopes: (51)V (99.75%): (50)V (0.25%); the latter is radioactive: Half-life 6X10+15 years
The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals
Vanadium metal oxidizes readily above 660 deg C
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 95th Edition
Vanadium is resistant to attack by hydrochloric or dilute sulfuric acid and to alkali solutions. It is also quite resistant to corrosion by seawater but is reactive toward nitric, hydrofluoric, or concentrated sulfuric acids. Galvanic corrosion tests run in simulated seawater indicate that vanadium is anodic with respect to stainless steel and copper but cathodic to aluminum and magnesium. Vanadium exhibits corrosion resistance to liquid metals, (e.g., bismuth and low oxygen sodium).
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
Vanadium has oxidation states of +2, +3, +4, +5; when heated in air at different temperatures, it oxidizes to a brownish black trioxide, a blue black tetraoxide, or a reddish orange pentoxide. It reacts with chlorine at fairly low temperatures (180 deg C) forming vanadium tetrachloride and with carbon and nitrogen at high temperatures forming VC and VN, respectively. The pure metal in massive form is relatively inert toward oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen at room temperature.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
Crystal structure body-centered cubic; lattice constant, 0.3026 nm; specific heat, 0.50 J/g at 20-100 deg C; latent heat of fusion, 16.02 kJ/mol; enthalpy, 5.27 kJ/mol at 25 deg C; entropy, 29.5 kJ/mol deg C at 25 deg C; thermal conductivity, 0.31 W/cm deg K at 100 deg C; electrical resistance, 24.8-26.0 microohm cm at 20 deg C; magnetic susceptibility 0.11 cu m/mol; superconductivity transition temperature, 5.13 K; recrystallization temperature, 800-1000 deg C; modulus of elasticity, (1.2-1.3)X10+5 MPa
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
Vanadium is ductile and can be forged or rolled at room temperature. ... On prolonged storage it becomes bluish-gray to brownish-black ...
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
Enthalpy of formation (gas), 514.2 kJ/mol; molar heat capacity at 298.15 K, 24.9 J/ mol K (crystal); 26.0 J/mol K (gas)
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 95th Edition
Enthalpy of fusion, 21.5 kJ/mol at 1910 deg C
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 95th Edition
Not tarnished in air and not appreciably affected by moisture at ordinary temperatures. ...Not attacked by hot or cold hydrochloric acid, by cold sulfuric acid. Reacts with hot sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia. Not attacked by bromine water or by aqueous alkalies. Specific heat (20 to 100 deg C) 0.12 cal/g/deg C.
The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals
Valences = 2, 3, 4, 5; acts as either a metal or a nonmetal and forms a variety of complex compounds ... resistant to corrosion ...
Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition
Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 95th Edition
Vandium isotopes - decay pathways
Isotope Half-life Mode of Decay
V-47 32.6 min Electron capture
V-48 15.9735 days Electron capture
V-49 330 days Electron capture
HSDB
Vanadium decay pathways
Naturally Occuring
Isotope Energy (MeV) Half-life Abundance
V-50 -49.2240 >2.1X10-17 yrs 0.250%
V-51 -52.2039 Stable 99.750%
HSDB
Vanadium decay pathways
Artificial isotopes
Isotope Energy (MeV) Half-life
V-40 11.5510 not reported
V-41 -0.0280 not reported
V-42 -7.5820 <55 nanoseconds
V-43 -18.0240 79.3 milliseconds
V-44 -24.1163 111 milliseconds
V-44m -24.1163 150 milliseconds
V-45 -31.8797 547 milliseconds
V-46 -37.0744 422.50 milliseconds
V-46m -36.2729 1.02 milliseconds
V-47 -42.0056 32.6 min
V-48 -44.4764 15.9735 days
V-49 -47.9609 330 days
V-52 -51.4438 3.743 min
V-53 -51.8499 1.543 min
V-54 -49.8920 49.8 seconds
V-55 -49.1526 6.54 seconds
V-56 -46.0801 0.216 seconds
V-57 -44.1887 0.32 seconds
V-58 -40.2087 191 milliseconds
V-59 -37.0665 97 milliseconds
V-60 -32.5772 68 milliseconds
V-60m -32.5772 40 milliseconds
V-61 -29.5280 52.6 milliseconds
V-62 -24.6470 33.5 milliseconds
V-63 -21.1260 19.2 milliseconds
V-64 -15.6300 19 milliseconds
V-65 -11.2520 >360 nanoseconds
V-66 -5.3470 >360 nanoseconds