Question

state why water has two lone pairs of electrons in its covalent molecules while ammonia has one lone pair

Answer 1

In valence shell of central atom of water
i.e., oxygen there are 6 electron. Out
of these electron ,electron take part
in forming bond with 2 Hydrogen
atom hence 4 electron i.e., 2 lone
pair are present.
whereas in ammonia ,centre atom is
nitrogen which have 5electron in its
valance shell, out of which 3electron
form bond with 3 hydrogen atom this
only 2 electron (1 lone pair) is present.