Statement 1: The emf of a battery equal the
potential difference between its terminals when
the terminals are not connected externally.
Statement 2: Terminals potential difference can
be greater than emf of cell.
Statement 3: When current is flowing in circuit
then terminal voltage is less than emf of cell.
PLS TELL WHICH STATEMENTS ARE CORRECT WITH REASONS
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The potential difference V across the terminals is not equal to the emf E, but will be smaller because of the voltage drop within the device due to its internal resistance r.If I is current through the circuit then,
V=E−Ir
The resistance offered by medium in between plates of battery (electrolytes and electrodes of the cell) to the flow of current within the battery is called internal resistance of the battery. For an ideal cell r=0 , but real batteries or sources of emf always has same finite internal resistance.
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