Steps taken by the government in support of the employees of secondary and tertiary sectors.
Answers
Explanation:
Aperson engaged in a job, is called an employed person. He may be engaged in agriculture or business or profession or service. In India, a person working 8 hours a day for 273 days in a year is regarded as employed on a standard person year basis. Thus, a person to be called an employed person must get meaningful work for a minimum of 2184 hours in a year. The person, who does not get work for this duration, is known as a unemployed person.
Sectoral distribution of employment
Broadly, an economy is classified into primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Agriculture and allied activities like forestry, fishing, dairying, mining and quarrying are the economic activities of the primary sector. Manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and construction constitute the secondary sector. The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, includes trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, social and personal services.
Employment in organized and unorganized sectors
The Indian economy is divided into organized and unorganized sectors. The unorganized sector in this country is quite large. Whole of the agriculture is in unorganized sector. Besides agriculture, most of the mining, constructions, trade, transport and communication, social and personal services are also in the unorganized sector. By and large, organized sector is restricted to manufacturing, electricity and financial services.
Rural and urban employment
In rural sector, most of the employment is in agricultural and allied activities. Employment away from agricultural and primary activities, towards secondary and tertiary sector is rather small. In urban sector, most of the employment is in secondary and tertiary sectors. It implies that in urban areas, most of the people are engaged in business, whether manufacturing or trading, profession and service. During the 1980s and thereafter, there is a shift of employment from rural to urban sectors, i.e., from primary to secondary and tertiary sectors.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT
The size of employment in a country depends to a great extent on the level of development. Therefore, when a country makes progress and its production expands, employment opportunities grow. In India, during the past three decades or so, production has expanded in all the sectors of economy. However, during the planning period, unemployment in absolute terms has increased. This has happened because during the first three decades of economic planning, trend rate of growth was considerably lower than the targeted rate. Therefore, jobs in adequate number were not created. Further, economic growth by itself does not solve the problem of unemployment. Prabhat Patnaik has succinctly remarked, "A higher arithmetical figure of growth rate is neither a necessity nor sufficient condition for alleviation of unemployment".
Conflict between growth and employment is inherent in the Mahalanobis strategy which guided India's development efforts for about two decades. Basic assumption of economic planning in India was that growth would automatically solve the unemployment problem. However, this was not to be so. Since the adoption of neo-liberal economic policies in India over the past one and a half decades, the government's obsession with the high rate of economic growth has made it completely oblivious to possible conflict between economic growth and employ-ment. Hence, in recent years, growth in India has been mostly "job Iess" and sometimes even "job loss". This is substantiated by the fact that during the 1990s and early years of the current decade, unemployed has increase