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Tribal revelation of the Indian textile story
By :Adam Peters
Contemporary Indian textile reveals a lot about the rich cultural past of India. Simplicity and variety have helped textile art from various pockets in India flourish to global acceptance.
Indian is known to be one of the oldest textile manufacturing countries of the world. The Indus valley is where it is said to have originated. Ancient literature makes detailed mention about the processes involved with textile manufacturing. Amongst these, the Rigveda provides details about the weaving processes of those times. Indian mythology also reveals a lot about textiles. The Ramayana and Mahabharata have documented the existence of fabrics in that era. The stylized clothing of the rich and aristocrats and the simple clothing of the ordinary find brief mention in the epics.
Apart from this, cotton material found in the Egyptian tombs was found to be made in Gujarat. Most of the ancient writings also talk about textile manufacturing thereby reinforcing the fact that this was indeed in existence in the past. Surplus garments were often exported to other countries. This has been clearly scripted in the historical musings of the famous vijayanagar empire (ad 1504). Textile manufacturing was referred to as an important trade of that era. One of the reasons that the textile industry picked up in India in the ancient times was because of the suitable climate, social customs and availability of raw materials required for the process.
From a trade perspective, India has had several ties with countries of the East and the West. The popularity of Indian silk helped it reach the Roman Empire in huge volumes. Research has revealed pieces of cotton garments originating from Gujarat, in the Egyptian tombs. This was found especially in the tombs at Fostat, of the 5th century A.D. At some point cotton textiles were also exported to verious regions of China. This happened primarily during the renowned times of the silk trade. Silk fabrics from south India also found a big market and preference in Indonesia. While this was happening, the European markets were not spared either.
The 'British East India Company' made a huge killing in the textile business mainly benefiting from different varieties of Indian made clothing, one of them being Dacca muslins. In this era muslins from Bengal, Orissa and Bihar also gained popularity. Muslin is a thin fabric made from cotton and usually has printed designs of flowers, etc. It has a shiny appearance. This style is still in vogue. A lot of the current designs and patterns are a continuation of that school of art and design. The motifs, designs, patterns, etc. and the old weaving techniques are still used by handloom weavers, although the textile weaving process has changed significantly with the advent of power-looms.
Indian textile has thus found a place in the global market, mainly due to its high quality. That apart the pricing is very affordable when compared to the competition.
One can find varieties to choose between Cushion covers, curtains, bed covers, linen, shoes, handmade paper, quilts, etc. And the best part is the price. These items are available at a fraction of the price one would pay in the western world. Some other aspects gaining popularity are the Bandhani and Batik printing techniques. Block printing has amazed the western buyers so much that they are exported in huge volumes. Contemporary Indian textile reveals a lot about the rich cultural past of India. Simplicity and variety have helped textile art from various pockets in India flourish to global acceptance. The historical revelation of this art has also helped in adding popularity to Indian textile art even today and will continue to popularize this art in the future as well.
'Indian textile industry' is one of the 'largest industries in India'. It is the 'second largest industry' in terms of providing 'employment opportunities' to more than '35 million people in the country'.
EXPLANATION:
In tradition, textiles can be represented in sculptures or literature in ancient and medieval India. In the 'indus valley civilization', around '3000 BC', the earliest 'Archeological evidence' that indicates the existence of the textile industry was found. Although no fragments have been preserved during this time, items such as spindles and handles have been recovered. In ancient times, Indian textiles attracted connoisseurs from around the world with their magic colors and high-quality. The Greeks wrote of their gold ruined coatings and muslin Cotton products from Gujarat dating back to the 5th century AD were found in the tombs at Fostat, Egypt.
In fact, cotton textiles were also sent to China during the peak of the silk route trade days. This trading route existed between Egypt, Africa, Rome, and Europe approximately 2000 years ago. From the Indian harbor of Barygaza (now known as Bharuch), the Indian Sub-Continent shipped enormous quantities from the sea. The East India Company was later taken over to benefit from the growing demand for Indian textiles. Silk Road is one of the oldest trading routes. The Roman Empire, China and India were all linked by many major civilizations. While China used it initially for the export of silk to Rome, India began to export cotton fabrics to China and silk products to Rome by this road.
In the 13th century, south India also started exporting silk fabrics to Indonesia. Well before the Europeans step foot here, India had been exporting printed cotton fabrics to foreign countries in India during the reign of Alexander the Great. Indian silk was very common in Rome at the start of the Christian period. The British and the Netherlands East India Company initially bought silver and gold Indian textiles. Such textiles were then shipped and exchanged for spices to the Malaysian Islands. The same spices were sold in Asia and Europe then by these firms. Later, Indian textiles became very trendy and popular, being exported directly to Europe.
For several decades now India has been one of the world's top leaders in textile exports. Some of the strengths of the Indian textile industry include massive potential for textile production, a huge domestic market, a vast pool of cheap, skilled, as well as unqualified jobs, enterprising skills. These strengths contribute to India's lead in global textile exports, but industry is also held back by factors. The poor supply chain management, the use of old technology and high production costs are among the weaknesses. India is recognized as the world's second-largest fabric supplier. China is the first with 40% of global textile exports, while India is the second largest with 5%. Even if India's export share has fallen, it still has the potential to rise, because the country has labor legislation that is better than China's
Launching the' Make in India ' initiative has reinvigorated textile exports and is likely to boost the ranking of India in international textile exports. This aims primarily to hit 20% of the world's apparel market between 2024 and 2025. To order to achieve this aim, the Government adopted a 10-point plan, including more labor law changes, export growth and the promotion of creativity and R&D. In the 2015-16 fiscal year the textiles exportations from India contributed $40 billion in revenues, compared with the US$ 48 billion target. The main reasons for this slip-and-miss were Bangladesh-Vietnam rivalry and lower demand from the EU, the US and China. Given this situation, for fiscal year 2017-2018 the government had set a target of US$ 45 billion in exports. In the near future, the Indian government is anticipated to announce the INR170 knitwear kit. It seems that India is the largest supplier of textiles in the world for all purposes.