Stratiogaphical and physiographical subdivisions in india
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Physiography of India
India can be divided into following physical divisions viz.
The Northern Mountains
The North Indian Plain
The Peninsular Plateau
Great Indian Desert
The coastal Regions
Islands
The Northern Mountains / Himalayan Mountains
Young and structurally fold mountains stretch over thenorthern borders of India
Run in a west-east direction fromthe Indus to the Brahmaputra formed by the tectonic collision of the Indian plateau with the Eurasian plateau
Loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world
form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km in length with varying width from 400 Km in Kashmir to 160 Km Arunachal Pradesh
The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern part than in the western
The Himalayas
The Trans Himalayas
Himalayan Ranges immediately to the north of the The Great Himalayan Range are called the Trans Himalayas.
Most of the part of this Himalayan range lies in the Tibet and hence also called Tibetan Himalaya
The Zaskar, K2 (Godwin austin), the Ladakh, the Kailash and the Karakoram are the main ranges of the trans Himalayan system
Greater or Inner Himalayas / Himadri
Most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres
Contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks with core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite
Perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range
Prominent Ranges include Mt. Everest, Kamet, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, Annapurna
Greater Himalayas
The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal
Altitude varies between 3,700 to 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km
While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar & the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones
Consists of the famous valley of Kashmir and the Kangra & Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh (Majority of hill stations lies in this range)
The Shiwaliks
The altitude varies between 900 to 1100 km and the width varies between 10 to 50 km
The longitudinal valleys lying between the Himachal and Shiwaliks are called ‘Dun’ for ex. DehraDun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun
Eastern hills and mountains
The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern hills or Purvanchal.
These hills run through the north eastern states of India & are mostly composed of sandstones for ex. Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills and Mizo Hills
Purvanchal Himalayas
Himalayan Regions from East to West
Classification of Himalayas on Geographic location
Punjab Himalayas
This part lies between the Indus and Sutlej – 560 km
From west to east, this is also known as Kashmir Himalaya and Himachal Himalaya; respectively.
Karakoram, Ladakh, Pir Panjal, Zaskar and Dhaola Dhar are the main ranges of this section
Kumaon Himalayas
This part lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers – 320 km
Its western part is called Garhwal Himalaya while the eastern part is known as Kumaon Himalaya
The general elevation is higher as compared to Panjab Himalayas
Nanda Devi, Kamet, Trisul, Badrinath, Kedamath, Gangotri are important peaks.
The sources of sacred rivers like the Ganga and the Yamuna are located in the Kumaon Himalayas
Nainital and Bhimtal are important lakes
Nepal Himalayas
This part lies between the Kali and Tista rivers – 800 km
This is the tallest section of the Himalayas and is crowned by several peaks of perpetual snow
Importantpeaks include Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, Lhotse I, Makalu, Dhaula Giri and Annapurna
Kathmandu is a famous valley in this region
Assam Himalayas
This part lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers – 750 km
Has elevation much lesser than that of the Nepal Himalayas
The southern slopes are very steep but the northern slopes are gentle
Important peaks of this region are Namcha Barwa, Kula Kangri and Chomo Lhari
The Northern Plain
Formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries
Composed of alluvial soil which has been deposited over millions of years, about 2400 km long and about 240 to 320 km broad.
With a rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable climate it is agriculturally a very productive part of India
Divided into three sections, viz. the Punjab Plain, the Ganga Plain and the Brahmaputra Plain.
Indo Gangetic plains
Punjab Plains Form the western part of the northern plain & formed by the Indus and its tributaries with major portion of this plains in Pakistan
Ganga Plains Extends between Ghaggar and Tista rivers. The northern states, Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, part of Jharkhand and West Bengal lie in the Ganga plains.
Brahmaputra Plains This plain forms the eastern part of the northern plain and lies in Assam
Northern Plain India
India can be divided into following physical divisions viz.
The Northern Mountains
The North Indian Plain
The Peninsular Plateau
Great Indian Desert
The coastal Regions
Islands
The Northern Mountains / Himalayan Mountains
Young and structurally fold mountains stretch over thenorthern borders of India
Run in a west-east direction fromthe Indus to the Brahmaputra formed by the tectonic collision of the Indian plateau with the Eurasian plateau
Loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world
form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km in length with varying width from 400 Km in Kashmir to 160 Km Arunachal Pradesh
The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern part than in the western
The Himalayas
The Trans Himalayas
Himalayan Ranges immediately to the north of the The Great Himalayan Range are called the Trans Himalayas.
Most of the part of this Himalayan range lies in the Tibet and hence also called Tibetan Himalaya
The Zaskar, K2 (Godwin austin), the Ladakh, the Kailash and the Karakoram are the main ranges of the trans Himalayan system
Greater or Inner Himalayas / Himadri
Most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres
Contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks with core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite
Perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range
Prominent Ranges include Mt. Everest, Kamet, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, Annapurna
Greater Himalayas
The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal
Altitude varies between 3,700 to 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km
While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar & the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones
Consists of the famous valley of Kashmir and the Kangra & Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh (Majority of hill stations lies in this range)
The Shiwaliks
The altitude varies between 900 to 1100 km and the width varies between 10 to 50 km
The longitudinal valleys lying between the Himachal and Shiwaliks are called ‘Dun’ for ex. DehraDun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun
Eastern hills and mountains
The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern hills or Purvanchal.
These hills run through the north eastern states of India & are mostly composed of sandstones for ex. Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills and Mizo Hills
Purvanchal Himalayas
Himalayan Regions from East to West
Classification of Himalayas on Geographic location
Punjab Himalayas
This part lies between the Indus and Sutlej – 560 km
From west to east, this is also known as Kashmir Himalaya and Himachal Himalaya; respectively.
Karakoram, Ladakh, Pir Panjal, Zaskar and Dhaola Dhar are the main ranges of this section
Kumaon Himalayas
This part lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers – 320 km
Its western part is called Garhwal Himalaya while the eastern part is known as Kumaon Himalaya
The general elevation is higher as compared to Panjab Himalayas
Nanda Devi, Kamet, Trisul, Badrinath, Kedamath, Gangotri are important peaks.
The sources of sacred rivers like the Ganga and the Yamuna are located in the Kumaon Himalayas
Nainital and Bhimtal are important lakes
Nepal Himalayas
This part lies between the Kali and Tista rivers – 800 km
This is the tallest section of the Himalayas and is crowned by several peaks of perpetual snow
Importantpeaks include Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, Lhotse I, Makalu, Dhaula Giri and Annapurna
Kathmandu is a famous valley in this region
Assam Himalayas
This part lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers – 750 km
Has elevation much lesser than that of the Nepal Himalayas
The southern slopes are very steep but the northern slopes are gentle
Important peaks of this region are Namcha Barwa, Kula Kangri and Chomo Lhari
The Northern Plain
Formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries
Composed of alluvial soil which has been deposited over millions of years, about 2400 km long and about 240 to 320 km broad.
With a rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable climate it is agriculturally a very productive part of India
Divided into three sections, viz. the Punjab Plain, the Ganga Plain and the Brahmaputra Plain.
Indo Gangetic plains
Punjab Plains Form the western part of the northern plain & formed by the Indus and its tributaries with major portion of this plains in Pakistan
Ganga Plains Extends between Ghaggar and Tista rivers. The northern states, Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, part of Jharkhand and West Bengal lie in the Ganga plains.
Brahmaputra Plains This plain forms the eastern part of the northern plain and lies in Assam
Northern Plain India
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