Question

structure and function of kidney

Answer 1

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found on the left and right sides of the body in vertebrates. They are located at the back of the abdominal cavityin the retroperitoneal space. In adults they are about 11 centimetres (4.3 in) in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.

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Answer 2

Answer is for Class 11 Biology Student.

Structure of Kidney:

Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity.

Right kidney is slightly lower than the left one because liver occupies large area on the right side superior to kidney.

Towards the centre of the inner concave surface of kidney is a notch called hilum through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves enter.

Inner to hilum is a broad funnel shaped space called renal pelvis.

Inside the kidney, there are two zones: an outer cortex and the inner medulla.

The medulla is divided into a few conical masses (medullary pyramids) projecting into the calyces (singular: calyx).

The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called columns of Bertini.

Functions of Kidneys:

Excretion and osmoregulation.

Synthesis of calcitriole and erythropoietin (hormone)

Synthesis of blood clotting factors like fibrinogen and prothrombin.

Perform gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like fats and proteins).

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