Question

structure and function of nephron

Answer 1

A nephron is the basic unit of structure in the kidney. A nephron is used separate to water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filter out wastes and toxins, and return needed molecules to the blood. The nephron functions through ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration occurs when blood pressure forces water and other small molecules through tiny gaps in capillary walls. This substance, lacking the blood cells and large molecules in the bloodstream, is known as an ultrafiltrate. The ultrafiltrate travels through the various loops of the nephron, where water and important molecules are removed, and into a collecting duct which drains into the bladder. The glomerulus is the specialized configuration of capillaries within the nephron that make kidneys possible. Vertebrates are the only group to have developed kidneys, which is mostly used to conserve water in terrestrial environments. Fish and other primitive vertebrates excrete ammonia as a byproduct of protein reactions. Ammonia is toxic in the bloodstream, and must be removed. Reptiles and birds excrete uric acid, which is a more concentrated form of ammonia. Mammals have even more derived nephrons, which contain an extended loop, called the loop of Henle. Mammals produce urea from ammonia, and concentrate the urea in the urine to a high extent. This promotes the extraction of water from the ultrafiltrate, and allows mammals to live in some of the driest environments on Earth. A camel, for instance, will continually filter most of the water from its blood, recollect a large majority of that water, and reuse it continually.

Answer 2

☆ STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON:-

♤ Each nephron is a long - coiled tubule whose one end is cup - shaped called Bowman's capsule while other ends are connected to urine collecting duct of the kidney.

♤ The Bowman's capsule contains a bundle of blood capillaries which is called glomerulus.

☆ FUNCTION OF NEPHRON:-

♤ It is the functional unit of kidney.It filters the uncleaned blood so that waste substances can be removed from the blood.