Question

structure and function of nephron
according to class 10 ncert​

Answer 1

Answer:

• Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest asurine

Answer 2

Answer:

“Nephrons are the basic functional unit of kidneys that consists of a glomerulus and its associated tubules through which the glomerular filtrate passes before it emerges as urine” . They are the microscopic structure composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The word nephrons are derived from the Greek word – nephros, meaning kidney. There are about millions of nephrons in each human kidney

Structure of the Nephrons

The mammalian nephron is a long tube-like structure, its length varying from 35–55 mm long. At one end, the tube is closed, folded and expanded, into a double-walled, a cuplike structure called the Bowman’s capsule or renal corpuscular capsule,  which encloses a cluster of microscopic blood vessels called the glomerulus. This capsule and glomerulus together constitute the renal corpuscle.

The structure of nephrons comprises of two major portions:  

• Renal Tubule
• Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule

The renal tubule is a long and convoluted structure that emerges from the glomerulus and can be divided into three parts based on function.

• The first part is called the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) due to its proximity to the glomerulus; it stays in the renal cortex.
• The second part is called the loop of Henle, or nephritic loop because it forms a loop (with descending and ascending limbs) that goes through the renal medulla.
• The third part of the renal tubule is called the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and this part is also restricted to the renal cortex.