Question

Structure and functions of thyroid gland

Answer 1

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Function

The thyroid gland is one of the main regulators of metabolism. T3 and T4 typically act via nuclear receptors in target tissues and initiate a variety of metabolic pathways. High levels of them typically cause these processes to occur faster or more frequently. Metabolic processes increased by thyroid hormones include:

Basal Metabolic Rate

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Protein synthesis

Lipogenesis

Thermogenesis

This is achieved in a number of ways, such as increasing the size and number of mitochondria within cells, increasing Na-K pump activity and increasing the presence of β-adrenergic receptors in tissues such as cardiac muscle.

Cellular Structure

The function of the Thyroid gland is to produce and store thyroid hormones. Thyroid epithelia form follicles filled with colloid – a protein-rich reservoir of the materials needed for thyroid hormone production. These follicles range in size from 0.02-0.3mm and the epithelium may be simple cuboidal or simple columnar.

In the spaces between the follicles, parafollicular cells can be found. These cells secrete calcitonin, which is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism in the body.

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Answer 2

Answer:

thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. which regulates carbohydrates,protein,fat etc.iodine is essential for thyroxine.

Explanation: