Question

structure of albugo, saccharomyces and penicillium with their classificatioms​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Penicillium is a genus of fungi. Some of the species are used to get penicillin, which is an antibiotic used for bacterial infection. Some of the species are also used in cheesemaking, enzymes and organic acid production. It is also used for bioremediation process.

Penicillium species can cause various diseases in humans such as keratitis, otomycosis, urinary tract infections, allergic pulmonary disease, peritonitis, pneumonia, etc.

Answer 2

Answer:

1.The sporangia or conidia are spherical, smooth, hyaline and multinucleate structures. The walls between them fuse to form a gelatinous disc-like structure called disjunctor or separation disc or intercalary disc.

It tends to hold the sporangia together. The continued growth and production of sporangia exerts a pressure upon the enveloping epidermis. Which is firstly raised up but finally ruptured exposing the underlying sours containing white powdery dust of multinucleate sporangia or conidia

The separation discs are dissolved by water, and the sporangia are set free. They are blown away in the air by wind or washed away by rain water under suitable environmental conditions and falling on a suitable host, sporangia germinates with in 2 or 3 hours. The sporangia germinate directly or indirectly depending on temperature conditions.

Explanation:

2.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a small single cell with a doubling time of 30 °C of 1.25–2 h and importantly can be cultured easily. Consequently, they permit the rapid production and maintenance of multiple strains at low cost.

S. cerevisiae can be manipulated genetically allowing for both the addition of new genes or deletion through a plethora of homologous recombination techniques. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic genome to be completely sequenced. The genome sequence was published in 1996 and has been updated regularly in the Saccharomyces Genome Database. Currently, it is considered that the genome is composed of 12 156 677 base pairs and 6275 genes organized on 16 chromosomes. The ability to culture this yeast species as a haploid simplifies the isolation of mutants and haploid–diploid hybrids.

As a eukaryote, S. cerevisiae has a similar internal cell structure as plants and animals (details later).

S. cerevisiae is economically the most important microorganism employed on the plant (details later in this chapter and see Saccharomyces: Brewer’s Yeast).

3.Penicillin is a widely used antibiotic prescribed to treat staphylococci and streptococci bacterial infections. Penicillin belongs to the beta-lactam family of antibiotics, the members of which use a similar mechanism of action to inhibit bacterial cell growth that eventually kills the bacteria.