Question

Structure of fundamental group of torus with one point removed

Answer 1

Answer:

In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological ... Two loops are considered equivalent if one can be deformed into the other ... is a point in X called the base-point .

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Answer 2

fundamental group of a point or a line or a plane is trivial, while the fundamental ... This makes certain construction easier, since we do not have to keep track of an ...... n ≥ 1 by removing a point from both