Question

structure of neuron​

Answer 1

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Answer 2

NCERT based Answer for Class 11 Biology Students

Structure of Neuron:  

 Neurons are responsible for conduction of impulses and are regarded as structural and functional unit of nervous system.

 It consists of three main parts: cell body (cyton), dendrites and axon.

 Cell body contains cytoplasm with cell organelles and granular bodies called Nissl’s granules.

 Nissl’s granules are aggregations of rough endoplasmic reticulum and are site of protein synthesis. These proteins are generally enzymes which synthesize neurotransmitters.

  Neurons have two types of processes: dendrites and axon.

 Short, tapering and highly branched fibers which project out of the cell body are called dendrites.

 Dendrites transmit impulses towards the cell body. These fibers also contain Nissl’s granules.

 Axon is long fiber, distal end of which is branched.

 Each branch terminates as a bulb like structure called synaptic knob.

 Synaptic knobs possess synaptic vesicles containing chemicals called neurotransmitters.

 Axon transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to a synapse or to a neuro–muscular junction.

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