Study figure 4. Give two pieces of evidence that shows EU countries suffer from energy insecurity.
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Answer:
Europe’s rich agricultural and industrial diversity has made the continent a center of trade and commerce for centuries. It is centrally located between the two other “Old World” continents, Africa and Asia. This tradition of exchange prompted the early and rapid urbanization of the continent, recognizable in many dynamic cities that make up most of Europe.
Europe is home to some of the world’s largest mining companies, it is not a major producer of metals. Certain countries, however, are major producers of particular metals, such as chromium in Turkey, titanium in Norway, and silver in Poland. The continent’s top five metals in terms of percentage of total world production are: chromium (10.7 percent in 2008), used in stainless steel, dyes, and pigments; silver (8.5 percent); zinc (7.7 percent), used as an anti-corrosion agent; lead (7.5 percent); and titanium (7.1 percent), used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, and spacecraft.
Europe also produces a number of minerals used in industrial applications. The European Union, a group of 27 countries, is either the largest or second-largest world producer of feldspar, used in the production of ceramics and for archaeological dating processes; kaolin, used in ceramics, medicine, toothpaste, and cosmetics; magnesite, used in steelmaking and rubber production; perlite, used in plasters, insulation, and ceiling tiles; and salt.
Europe has limited deposits of oil and natural gas, which are drilled for energy and fuel. Russia has some of the largest oil deposits on the planet, although most of them are in the remote Asian part of the country. Russia is also the world’s largest exporter of natural gas. Norway has significant oil deposits, and is the world’s second-largest exporter of natural gas. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom are Europe’s other major producers of natural gas. The United Kingdom’s offshore facilities in the North Sea are Europe’s second-largest producer of oil.
Offshore exploration and drilling are expected to increase as onshore reserves become depleted and technological advancements make offshore practices easier. This will be especially important for Europe’s energy future, which relies on imports for at least half of its gas needs. To offset the reliance on imported oil, many European countries are investing in sustainable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, and nuclear energy.
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