Subject : Social Science
Q1. How was the Mahalwari System different from the Permanent settlement?
Q2. How was Indigo cultivated under nij cultivation ? What difficulties it faced in its cultivation?
Q3. What happened after the blue rebellion?
Q4. Describe the main characteristics of shifting agriculture?
Q5. Describe growing of COTTON crop with reference to geographical requirements and major
producing countries.
Q6. Write Four Points of comparison between farms in India and USA.
Q7. What is the role of Judiciary? Explain?
Q8. What is the need and importance of PIL?
Q9. Write two sentence of what you understand about the appellate system?
Q10. Differentiate between criminal Law and civil Law?
Answers
Answer:
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Q1. Permanent settlement was started by Lord Cornwallis, while Holt Mackenzie started the Mahalwari system.
In the permanent settlement, the land revenue was fixed, while in Mahalwari settlement, it was not.
Zamindars collected revenue in permanent settlement, while the village headman collected the revenue in Mahalwari settlement.
Q2. In nij cultivation, the planters produced indigo on the lands which were under his direct control. Indigo could be cultivated only on fertile land because such areas were already densely populated, the planters had to acquire small plots scattered over large areas. This resulted in difficulty in the expansion of the area under nij cultivation.
Q3. After the blue rebellion, indigo production in Bengal collapsed, and the indigo planters shifted base to Bihar. In 1917, Gandhiji visited Champaran in Bihar and moved by the plight of the ryots, initiated a movement against the indigo planters, known as the Champaran movement.
Q4. (i) Vegetation is cleared by slashing and burning. (ii) There is the use of little or no manure. (iii) The yields decline after a certain period of continuous use.
Q5. Cotton is a kharif crop and requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation. Cotton grows well in drier parts of the black soil area of the Deccan plateau.
Q6. Farms in USA
1. The size of the farm is large.
2. Owner's house is in the farm.
3. The farmer makes sure that soil and water resources meet the needs of the crop.
4. The farmer uses tractors, seed drills, harvester and all kinds of modern agricultural machinery.
Farms in India
1. here the size of the land is comparatively small.
2. Owner lives in a main village and travels to the farm every day.
3. Due to inadequate supply of water and fertile soil, farmers have to purchase high yielding variety (HYV) seeds from market every year.
4. The farmer takes a tractor on rent, and many still rely on traditional bullocks for ploughing the land
Q7. The Judiciary is the third organ of the government. It has the responsibility to apply the laws to specific cases and settle all disputes. The real ‘meaning of law’ is what the judges decide during the course of giving their judgements in various cases.
Q8. PIL was started to protect the fundamental rights of people who are poor, ignorant or in socially/economically disadvantaged position. PIL is important because there are several ignorant and poor people in India who are unable to lodge a complain.
Q9.
- Appellate courts are the part of the judicial system.
- It is responsible for hearing and reviewing appeals from legal cases that have already been heard in a trial-level or other lower court.
Q10. Civil Law
Civil law refers to a general law, which is concerned with disputes between individuals, organizations, or both wherein the wrongdoer compensates the affected one.
Criminal Law
Criminal law implies the law related to the offenses or crimes committed against the society as a whole.
Hope it helps...