suggest different methods and make a project for ground water recharge keeping in view the conditions of towns. Explain in detail.(in 15 pages).
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RECHARGING GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS
Various conditions of recharge structures are possible which can ensure that rainwater percolates in the ground instead of draining away from the surfaces. Some of these are :
1. Borewells and Dugwells - These are used to raise the groundwater table by collecting rainwater on the roof top of the building which is then diverted by drainpipes to a filtration tank. From there it flows into the borewells or dugwells.
2. Recharge pits - These are excavated into the ground, lined with a bricks or stone wall with openings at regular intervals.
3. Percolation pits ( Soakaway) - It is a board hole of up to 30cm diameter drilled in the ground to a depth of 3 to 10 m.
4. Recharge Trenches - These are excavated on the grounds and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or brickbates to harvest the surface runoff.
5. Permeable Sufaces - These are like a patch of grass is used to retain a large proportion of the rainwater falling on it, yielding only 10-15 per cent as runoff.
Various conditions of recharge structures are possible which can ensure that rainwater percolates in the ground instead of draining away from the surfaces. Some of these are :
1. Borewells and Dugwells - These are used to raise the groundwater table by collecting rainwater on the roof top of the building which is then diverted by drainpipes to a filtration tank. From there it flows into the borewells or dugwells.
2. Recharge pits - These are excavated into the ground, lined with a bricks or stone wall with openings at regular intervals.
3. Percolation pits ( Soakaway) - It is a board hole of up to 30cm diameter drilled in the ground to a depth of 3 to 10 m.
4. Recharge Trenches - These are excavated on the grounds and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or brickbates to harvest the surface runoff.
5. Permeable Sufaces - These are like a patch of grass is used to retain a large proportion of the rainwater falling on it, yielding only 10-15 per cent as runoff.
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