Suggestions for the sustainable development
Answers
Answer:
1. Build engagement in fragile states around long-term strategies that integrate humanitarian and development approaches. The decades-old division of humanitarian response and development assistance is inefficient and outdated. Development progress in fragile states is not linear: it will be chronically interrupted by crises, often resulting in backsliding. Rather than organizing international efforts around the artificial sequencing of humanitarian and development programmes, we need to be more strategic, investing in multi-year strategies that transcend the humanitarian and development divide. The goal of these efforts, ultimately, is to improve the resilience of communities to anticipated crises.
For example, in the drought-prone Karamoja region of northern Uganda, weaning communities off food aid and improving agricultural and livestock productivity must be paired with efforts to make them less susceptible to the next drought. Improving the accuracy and transparency of early warning systems is one response. Upgrading infrastructure so that supplies can move more quickly between isolated communities is another. And where incomes are growing, encouraging savings so that locals can better absorb a shock will be vital to ensuring they survive a crisis and recover quickly after it has passed.
2. Shift away from a centralized approach to engaging and empowering local systems. The humanitarian system must decentralize, become more flexible and less UN-centric. We must leverage the resources and expertise of local communities, businesses and regional governments, who precede international aid organizations and will be there long after we have gone.
Take the case of Lebanon, which is shouldering a refugee crisis of vast scale. Approximately 1.5 million Syrian refugees have crowded in, now accounting for approximately 30% of its total population. Refugees are placing immense pressures on social services and schools, and tensions between host communities and refugees are on the rise. Because political gridlock hampers the ability of the national government to respond, Lebanese municipalities have borne the brunt. These municipalities are on the frontline of the refugee crisis; they must be supported. Rather than establish humanitarian structures that parallel and exclude local governments, the international community must be more agile, identifying where the needs and capacities are, and strategically developing the partnerships that can be most effective.
3. Integrate peace-building programmes and conflict reduction in development. Aid is no substitute for the political resolution of conflicts, but it can be an important tool. In conflict-affected states, mitigating conflict and building peace between groups is vital to achieving development outcomes and addressing root causes of instability.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, for instance, chronic inter-communal violence has been a nightmarish driver of misery and underdevelopment: since 1994, ongoing conflict has killed 5.4 million people and displaced 2.6 million more. And yet there has been little funding to address inter-communal violence and land conflicts. Until these challenges are placed front and centre, the plight of DRC will likely drag on, causing more misery and depressing good outcomes for the country and its people.
4. Leverage financial service innovations. One billion people living in extreme poverty lack access to proper financial services and 2 billion people are unbanked. By improving access to financial products – including payments, savings and credit – we can promote inclusive growth and mitigate risk.
Loan-guarantee programmes in northern Uganda are encouraging banks, for the first time, to enter rural areas and begin extending credit. In Kenya and Haiti, micro-insurance initiatives are reducing vulnerability, providing an important buffer for when the next crisis arrives. Enhancing financial services and investing in digital infrastructure are examples of development investments that can also facilitate emergency response.
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