sum of all the properties that proves that matter is made up of small particles?
Answers
PARTICLES HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM
There are small voids between every particle in a matter. This characteristic is the concept behind the solubility of a substance in other substances. Let’s try to understand this with an illustration.
Take a glass of water. Put a teaspoon of salt/sugar and mix them properly. You will observe that the water is still clear. This is because the particles of salt/sugar get into the interparticle spaces between the water particles. This proves that there are voids between particles of a substance. If you add more salt/sugar, it will dissolve until all the space between water particles get filled.
2. PARTICLES ARE CONTINUOUSLY MOVING
Particles of the matter show continuous random movements. The kinetic energy they possess helps them in this movement. The spreading of ink in a beaker of glass, the smell comes from agarbattis, etc. are few illustrations that show the movement of particles of a substance. When the particles of two different types of matters intermix on their own, the phenomenon is called diffusion.
Diffusion of particles becomes fast when the temperature is increased. A rise in temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles, making them move more vigorously.
3. PARTICLES ATTRACT EACH OTHER
Take an iron rod, a chalk, and a pen. Try to break each one of these. Which one of these is easy to break? The iron rod is stronger than the other two items. What makes an item stronger? Yes, it’s the particles in them which are held by the inter-particle force of attraction.
In every substance, there is an inter-particle force of attraction acting between its particles. To break something we need to overcome this force. The strength of the force differs from one substance to another.
The inter-particle force of attraction and the kinetic energy of the particles primarily determine the physical state of any matter.
Physical Properties Of Matter
Since a long time, scientists have been researching about chemical and physical properties of matter. In simple terms, they define matter as something which has mass and occupies space (that is volume). Hence everything we see around us is matter. For example, stars that twinkle, the sun that shines, the food we eat, bricks we use to make buildings, water in oceans and rivers, rocks that form mountains etc. All of these can be brought under a single umbrella called matter. But does all the matter that we see exhibit the same physical properties? Obviously not, a block of wood is continuous while sand particles are coarse. Similarly, salt particles are soluble in water while sand particles are not. All these properties are known as physical properties
Some of the physical properties of matter are:
All matter has mass and occupies some space.
They can be broken into millions of tiny pieces further.
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