Summarize the evidence you have gathered to support your claim and explain your
reasoning.
Answers
Explanation:
Argument & Persuasion
Joey and Jill are in the store. They have enough money to buy something to eat, but they can't decide between candy or fruit. Joey wants candy and tells Jill, 'I think we should buy candy.' But Jill disagrees. She says, 'No way! I think we should buy fruit!'
Who has the better argument? Who is more persuasive? If you're like most people, you are probably thinking, 'Well, neither of them is very persuasive.' And you'd be right. The type of argument that Jill and Joey are having is very shallow. They are just each stating their position. But to be persuasive, they have to move to a richer argument, including reasons and evidence to help support their side.
What happens if they don't? Well, they probably won't ever resolve it and they'll end up without candy or fruit. But if, for example, Jill can put together a good argument with reasons and evidence, she just might be able to convince Joey to put down the Snickers and pick up an apple.
Let's look closer at how Jill and Joey can make their arguments stronger with reasons and evidence.
Answer:
The CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) writing strategy consists of making a claim statement and providing evidence and reasoning to support that claim. It is used most often for writing argumentative, persuasive, or research essays about various academic or scholarly subjects.
A CER paragraph example begins with the writer posing a claim statement. Next, the writer must provide evidence to support that claim. The writer may need to do research to gather this evidence or data. The evidence can be incorporated into the essay through direct quotes or paraphrasing. Finally, the writer must provide reasoning. What is reasoning in writing? It is the way in which a writer explains how and why the evidence supports the claim.
Explanation:
To begin, a writer should draft the claim statement. How does one write a claim statement? The claim statement does more that state the topic of the essay or paragraph; it makes an assertion about the topic. In other words, "cats" may be the topic of an essay, but the writer must make a claim about cats. The claim could be "cats make the best pets," "cats make the worst pets," or even "cats are easy to train."
The claim statement is the central focus of the essay or paragraph and guides the content and structure of the piece of writing. If a piece of evidence or reasoning cannot be tied directly to the claim statement, it does not belong in the essay or paragraph. Claim statements can identify what the essay writer is attempting to argue or prove. For a claim paragraph, the claim statement should be the topic sentence or first sentence of the paragraph. For an essay, the claim statement should appear as the thesis statement or last sentence in the introduction of the essay.
Examples of Claims in Writing
Example 1:
Have you ever had to make a choice about your education? Most parents make the choice of a private or a public education for their children, but if it were left up to you, what would you pick? Would you even know how to pick? If given the choice of attending a private or a public school, there are many things to consider. Nevertheless, private school is a better option than public school for students today.
The claim is "Private school is a better option than public school for students today."
The claim is identifiable because the argument the writer is making is that public school is better than private school. It is also the last sentence in the introduction.
Evidence for Supporting Claim
The second component of the CER structure is evidence. The evidence provides proof or support of the claim being made. It can be in the form of research, data, quotes, or textual evidence from a piece of literature. It should not be a guess, assumption, or based on the writer's opinion. It should mention the source from where the evidence was obtained through a citation. In a CER paragraph, the evidence comes after the claim. In an essay, provide at least one piece of evidence per body paragraph.
Evidence includes researched facts, textual evidence, or even data from graphs and charts.
Examples of Evidence
Example 1: According to publicschoolreview.com, private schools typically have smaller class sizes than public schools. A study done by the NCES in 2008 revealed the average class size of private schools varied from 15.4-20 students, while public school classes had 20-23 students on average.
The third component of the CER structure is reasoning. What is reasoning in writing? Reasoning is when the writer explains how and why the evidence supports the claim. How does one write reasoning? The reasoning should immediately follow the evidence in the paragraph. To incorporate reasoning, begin by explaining or summarizing what the evidence says. Then, explain how or why the evidence supports the claim. It may be helpful to uses phrases like "this shows that" or "this proves that."
Reasoning is like the last piece of the puzzle; it is where the writer connects the evidence to the claim.
Examples of Reasoning
Example 1: These statistics show private school is a better option than public school because class size has a direct impact on student learning. Students in smaller classes generally learn better because there are less distractions, and the teacher is able to give more individual attention.
The above statements are considered reasoning because they explain why the evidence about class size supports the claim that private school is better than public.
The reasoning is identifiable because it uses the phrase "these statistics show that."
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