Question

Summarize the following text.

In June 2013, a small group of environmental activists put up tents in one of the only

remaining public green spaces in the heart of Istanbul. Private financiers with the

backing of the conservative ruling party dedicated to neoliberal economic development

and without a proper public mandate had positioned bulldozers to begin the

construction of a shopping complex couched in the faux-historical trappings of an

Ottoman barrack. First the trees were to go, and with them, according to the activists,

something vital to the well-being of the city. When the Turkish writer Ahmet Hamdi

Tanpınar wrote in 1946 that “[O]ur great architects never failed to set several cypress

and plane trees beside their buildings” and that when an architect or “pious donor”

planted a tree he knew that it was “entrusted to the earth” as “a gift of value, a talisman

securing a neighborhood, a district, even a whole community,” he was speaking deep

from within a tradition of honoring urban nature (Tanpınar 461). Cities and nature, the

man-made and the organic, are conceived of as mutually inclusive, rather than mutually

exclusive, designs in his discussion. Rather than landscaping, or decorative

supplements to manufactured structures, trees are essential to the physical, aesthetic,

and even spiritual health of a population.​

Answer 1

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