Question

summarize the lesson, "The rise of Nationalism in Europe."

Answer 1

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Explanation:

The rise of nationalism in Europe initiated with the Spring of Nations in 1848.[citation needed] According to Leon-Baradat, nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those interests. Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, in a few decades, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national governments.[1] Some countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common "national identity". Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.

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Answer 2

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The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

It was France from where the concept of nationalism came into existence for the first time, with the French Revolution in 1789. Before this, France was a territorial state. This means that it was ruled by an absolute monarchy. The word absolute means a rule where the whole power is concentrated in the hands of a ruler or a monarch. The French revolution brought the concept of nation and nationalism in France.The main aim was to form a nation where there will be a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.

For this the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity among the French citizens. Some of the measures taken by the revolutionaries are as follows:

• The royal flag was replaced by a new tricolor flag.
• The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
• New hymns were composed, oaths were taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
• A centralized administrative system was put in place.
• Uniform laws for all citizens were formulated.
• Internal customs duties and dues were abolished.
• Uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
• French was considered as a common language of the nation.
• Not only this, the French revolutionaries made it their mission to spread the idea of nationalism and to help Europeans liberate themselves from dictatorship.