summary of chapter disaster on stage
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Disaster Management'" refers to the management and response of disaster or natural calamities like floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides. India has been traditionally vulnerable to the natural disasters on the account of its unique Geo-climatic conditions. A complete summary of the Disasters management in India is discussed below:
1. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (GOI): about 58% of the Land mass are prone to Earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity; Cover 40 million hectares (12% of the land) is prone to floods and river erosion of the 7516 km long coastline, close to 5700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and hilly areas are risk of landslides and avalanches.
2. Most of the time the earthquakes occurred in the Himalayan plate boundary (inter-plate Earthquakes) and peninsular region (intra-plate Earthquake) in India due to its topography and tectonic features.
2. India is divided into 5 seismic zones with maximum damage prone areas under zone V and lowest under zone-I.
3. Zone V-Very high damage risk zone includes Punjab, Kashmir, North-Eastern India, Rann of Kutch and Western and Central Himalayas. Zone IV-High damage risk zone includes Delhi, Jammu, Bihar, Indo-Gangetic basins. Zone III - Moderate damage risk zone includes The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Western Himalaya plains. Zone II and I - Low damage risk zone-includes the rest of the country.
4. Effect of an earthquake is measured by modified Mercalli intensity scale or the Medvedev-Sponhever-Karnik scale.
5. Large reservoir induced seismicity in dam sites, high urbanisation and construction also induced isostatic earthquakes in the surrounding regions.
6. Drought is basically a failure of rainfall caused distressed situation. According to some estimates, nearly 19% of the total geographical area of the country and 12% of its total population suffer due to drought every year.
7. Meteorological Drought is a situation when there is a prolonged period of inadequate rainfall mark with mal distribution of the rain over time and space. Areas of arid and semi-arid zones with high variability are prone to this.
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