Summary of chapter Forest Society and Colonialism
Answers
the cutting down and clearing of forest is referred as deforestation.
industrialization led to an increase in the deforestation
forest were clear and brought under cultivation by the imperialist powers in their colonies
forest were cut for cultivation,providing woods to make ship,run steam engine and making railway sleepers
there was a great demand for these products in Europe
the colonial government took over the forest and gave vast areas to European planters in cheap rate
British wanted to have full control deforestation system so they invited a German expert Dietrich Branids for advice and made him the first inspector of forests
he set up the indian forest service in 1864 and also formulated the indian forest act in 1865
villagers wanted a forest with a mixture of spices to satisfy different needs such as fuel,fodder,leaves etc
the forest act meant severe hardship for villagers across the country
the British felt that shifting cultivation there were many dangers .so,they banned shifting cultivation
due to this ban villagers who depend on shifting cultivation were left with no livelihood
thus the British felt that killing dangerous animals they could civilize India.thus hunting wild animals became a spot for Britishers
forest communities in India began to rebel against the restriction that were imposed on them
Indonesia was under the colonial of Dutch.there were many other similar laws in India and Indonesia,for deforestation