Question

Summary of matter in our surrounding

Answer 1

Summary -

• The thing which has mass and occupies space in the universe is called matter.

• The SI unit of volume is m cube.

• The Si unit of mass is kg.

• Every matter is made up of particles.

• There are three different states of matter - solid state, liquid state, and gaseous state.

• The state of matter can be changed by changing the temperature and pressure.

• The conversion of liquid to solid state is called freezing.

• The conversion of solid to liquid state is called fusion or melting.

• The conversion of liquid to the gaseous state is called vaporization.

• The conversion of gas to liquid state is called condensation.

• Boiling is a bulk phenomenon.

• The change of solid to gaseous state or from gaseous to solid state is called sublimation.

• The process of conversion of a liquid state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation.

• The heat that requires to change 1kg liquid into gas at atmospheric pressure is called Latent heat of vaporization at its boiling point.

• The amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid at its melting point is called Latent heat of fusion.

Answer 2

Summary .

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies volume.

• The SI unit of mass and volume is kilogram (kg) and cubic metre (m'), respectively.

• Matter is classified into groups based on their physical and chemical properties, i.e. physical properties (solid, liquid and gas) and chemical properties (elements, compounds and mixtures). • Every matter is made up of certain particles which differ in shape, size and nature.

• The particles of matter have a tendency to diffuse.

• Solids have definite shape, distinct boundaries and fixed volumes. Liquids do not have a definite shape.

• Gases have neither definite shape nor volume. • The state of matter can be interchanged by changing temperature or pressure.

• At specific conditions of temperature and pressure; the conversion of a matter from its solid to its liquid state is called fusion. %D

• The conversion of a matter from its liquid state to vapour (gaseous state) is called boiling. It is a bulk phenomenon.

• The conversion of a matter from its liquid to solid state is called freezing.

• The conversion of a matter from its liquid to gaseous state is called vapourisation.

- The conversion of matter from its gaseous to liquid state is called condensation.

- The process of change of solid state directly into gaseou state without passing through the liquid state unas heating and vice-versa on cooling is called sublimation.

- The heat energy which has to be supplied to change the state of substance is called latent heat.

- Latent heat of vapourisation is the heat energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to gas at atmospheric pressiu at its boiling point.

- Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid at its meltine point.

- The process of conversion of a liquid into its vapour state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation.

- Apart from solid, liquid and gaseous state, scientists have discovered two more states, i.e. plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate.

- Plasma state consists of super-energetic and super-excited particles.

* The Sun and the stars glow because of the presence of plasma in them.

* The Bose-Einstein condensate is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density about one hundred thousandth the density of normal air to super low temperature.

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