summary of the lesson French revolution class 9 history
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>> FRENCH REVOLUTION SUMMARY.p).
> Lious XVI became the king of France in 1774.
> He found an empty treasury. So, he was forced to increase taxes. Some reasons were :
• Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. (France♡war ;p)
•The cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
•France helped the 13 American colonies to gain independence. •The war added more than a billion livres to thier debt.
•Lenders who gave state credit began to charge 10% interest on loans.
•To meet its regular expenses such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court and offices.
>> SOCIAL DIVISION OF FRANCE.
•1st estate / Clergy comprised of church officials.
•2nd Estate/ Nobles comprised of wealthier people.
•3rd estate/common people only had to pay taxes. Others were exempted from payment of taxes.
>> TAXES.
•Direct tax - TAILLE
•Church taxes - TITHES.
>> SUBSISTENCE CRISIS
•The population of France rose from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789.
•The production did not keep pace with the population and hence, the keep did not keep pace with wages.
•The extreme situation was called Subsistence crisis.
>> GROWING MIDDLE CLASS
•The 18th century witnessed the rise of middle class. They earned thier wealth through overseas trade , manufacturing etc..
•All of them were educated, and beleived that no group in society shall be privileged by birth.
>> ROLE OF PHILOSOPHERS.
•John Locke, in his Two Treatises of government, sought to refute the doctrine of divine and power of monarch.
•Jean Jacques Rousseau, In his book, Social contract, proposed a form if government based on social contract between people and thier representative.
•In his spirit of Law,Montesquieu proposed a division of power - Legislative, executive and judiciary.
>> OUTBREAK OF REVOLUTION
•The Walkout of third estate was the out break of Revolution.
On 5 May, 1789, Lious XVI called a assembly of estates general to pass proposals for new taxes (his job is to increase taxes? ;p)
•Third estate demanded that voting could be conducted as whole, where each member should have one vote. But, king rejected it :(
•Members walked out of the assembly. They, on 20 June, assembled at an indoor tennis court. They swore not to disperse until they have drafted a constitution for France. •It was led by Mirabeau and Abbé Seiyes.
Lious XVI finally agreed to the constitution of 1791. Members of the 3rd estate was forced to give up thier previlieges. Churches were confiscated.
>> The national assembly completed The drafted the constitution in 1791. They want to limit the power of monarch.The power government was divided as legislative, executive and judiciary. The constitution divided citizens as Active and Passive citizens. Inalienable rights were declared
>> POLITICAL CLUBS.
•They were an important rallying point, were people join together to raise thier opinions.
•Most famous of them was the Jacobins club. They were led by Maxmillian Robespierre. They were known as Sans-culottees.
> Parisians were angry for the short supply of food and stormed the palace of tuileries, and hold king himself as a hostage for several hours.
•Later, the royal family was imprisoned and Lious XVI was finally sentenced to death on 21 January 1793.
>> REIGN OF TERROR.
•The period of 1793-1794 were called as Reign of terror. The Maxmillian Robespierre followed strict policies.
Equality was ensured. Laws were issued by placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. Meat and bread were rationed. All was required to eat equality bread. Traditional monsieur and Madame was abolished and all French people were hence Citoyen and citoyenne. Churches were shut down.
Robespierre were finally guilotenned on July 1794.
>> DIRECTORY
•A group of 5 members ruled France. They often clashed with National Assembly. They became unstable.
>> WOMEN'S REVOLUTION
•From the very beginning, women were active participants.
Most women worked hard for livelihood.
There were political clubs for women. The most famous was society of revolutionary and Republican Women
•Government did introduce laws that helped improve the lives of women. State schools were created. Education was made compulsory for girls. THIER fathers couldn't force them into marrigae. Marriage was made into a contract entered into freely and registered under civil law.
•It was finally in 1946, women in France got the right to vote.
>> SLAVE TRADE.
The reluctance of Europeans to go and work in distant Markets resulted in the shortage of labour. This was met by a traingular slave trade between Europe, Africa and. America's.
The slave trade began on 17th century. The French merchants sailed from ports of Bordeaux or Nantes to african coast. They packed slaves into long voyages across Atlantic sea (one of them being Titanic <3 )
. it was finally abolished in 1848 by Abraham Lincoln.
>> FRENCH REVOLUTION SUMMARY.p).
> Lious XVI became the king of France in 1774.
> He found an empty treasury. So, he was forced to increase taxes. Some reasons were :
• Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. (France♡war ;p)
•The cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
•France helped the 13 American colonies to gain independence. •The war added more than a billion livres to thier debt.
•Lenders who gave state credit began to charge 10% interest on loans.
•To meet its regular expenses such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court and offices.
>> SOCIAL DIVISION OF FRANCE.
•1st estate / Clergy comprised of church officials.
•2nd Estate/ Nobles comprised of wealthier people.
•3rd estate/common people only had to pay taxes. Others were exempted from payment of taxes.
>> TAXES.
•Direct tax - TAILLE
•Church taxes - TITHES.
>> SUBSISTENCE CRISIS
•The population of France rose from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789.
•The production did not keep pace with the population and hence, the keep did not keep pace with wages.
•The extreme situation was called Subsistence crisis.
>> GROWING MIDDLE CLASS
•The 18th century witnessed the rise of middle class. They earned thier wealth through overseas trade , manufacturing etc..
•All of them were educated, and beleived that no group in society shall be privileged by birth.
>> ROLE OF PHILOSOPHERS.
•John Locke, in his Two Treatises of government, sought to refute the doctrine of divine and power of monarch.
•Jean Jacques Rousseau, In his book, Social contract, proposed a form if government based on social contract between people and thier representative.
•In his spirit of Law,Montesquieu proposed a division of power - Legislative, executive and judiciary.
>> OUTBREAK OF REVOLUTION
•The Walkout of third estate was the out break of Revolution.
On 5 May, 1789, Lious XVI called a assembly of estates general to pass proposals for new taxes (his job is to increase taxes? ;p)
•Third estate demanded that voting could be conducted as whole, where each member should have one vote. But, king rejected it :(
•Members walked out of the assembly. They, on 20 June, assembled at an indoor tennis court. They swore not to disperse until they have drafted a constitution for France. •It was led by Mirabeau and Abbé Seiyes.
Lious XVI finally agreed to the constitution of 1791. Members of the 3rd estate was forced to give up thier previlieges. Churches were confiscated.
>> The national assembly completed The drafted the constitution in 1791. They want to limit the power of monarch.The power government was divided as legislative, executive and judiciary. The constitution divided citizens as Active and Passive citizens. Inalienable rights were declared
>> POLITICAL CLUBS.
•They were an important rallying point, were people join together to raise thier opinions.
•Most famous of them was the Jacobins club. They were led by Maxmillian Robespierre. They were known as Sans-culottees.
> Parisians were angry for the short supply of food and stormed the palace of tuileries, and hold king himself as a hostage for several hours.
•Later, the royal family was imprisoned and Lious XVI was finally sentenced to death on 21 January 1793.
>> REIGN OF TERROR.
•The period of 1793-1794 were called as Reign of terror. The Maxmillian Robespierre followed strict policies.
Equality was ensured. Laws were issued by placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. Meat and bread were rationed. All was required to eat equality bread. Traditional monsieur and Madame was abolished and all French people were hence Citoyen and citoyenne. Churches were shut down.
Robespierre were finally guilotenned on July 1794.
>> DIRECTORY
•A group of 5 members ruled France. They often clashed with National Assembly. They became unstable.
>> WOMEN'S REVOLUTION
•From the very beginning, women were active participants.
Most women worked hard for livelihood.
There were political clubs for women. The most famous was society of revolutionary and Republican Women
•Government did introduce laws that helped improve the lives of women. State schools were created. Education was made compulsory for girls. THIER fathers couldn't force them into marrigae. Marriage was made into a contract entered into freely and registered under civil law.
•It was finally in 1946, women in France got the right to vote.
>> SLAVE TRADE.
The reluctance of Europeans to go and work in distant Markets resulted in the shortage of labour. This was met by a traingular slave trade between Europe, Africa and. America's.
The slave trade began on 17th century. The French merchants sailed from ports of Bordeaux or Nantes to african coast. They packed slaves into long voyages across Atlantic sea (one of them being Titanic <3 )
. it was finally abolished in 1848 by Abraham Lincoln.
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The people revolted against the cruel regime of monarchy. This revolution put forward the ideas of liberty, fraternity, and equality. The revolution began on 14th July, 1789 with the storming of the fortress-prison, the Bastille. The Bastille was hated by all, because it stood for the despotic power of the king.
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