summary of the story project tiger
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body covered by hair or furwarm-bloodedhave a backboneproduce milk

Reptilesbody covered by scalescold-bloodedhave a backbonemost lay hard shelled eggs on land

Birdsbody covered by featherswarm-bloodedhave a backbonelay eggs

Insectsmost are small air-breathing animals6 legs2 antennae3 body sections (head, thorax, abdomen)Spidersalso termed arachnids8 legs8 eyesthey spin webs

Aquatic Animalsmost have gillsfound in lakes, rivers, and oceans

Reptilesbody covered by scalescold-bloodedhave a backbonemost lay hard shelled eggs on land

Birdsbody covered by featherswarm-bloodedhave a backbonelay eggs

Insectsmost are small air-breathing animals6 legs2 antennae3 body sections (head, thorax, abdomen)Spidersalso termed arachnids8 legs8 eyesthey spin webs

Aquatic Animalsmost have gillsfound in lakes, rivers, and oceans
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PROJECT TIGER
OVERVIEW
The Government of India launched Project Tiger, a centrally sponsored scheme, in April 1973 to protect tigers and to ensure a viable population of tigers in India. The Management Plans were toform the bases for the implementation of the project. These were not approved by the StateGovernments and the Central Government in many cases. The Annual Plans of Operation alsodid not always have correlation with the management plans. The activities on the ground werevery often dictated by the immediate needs of the project and the funds released by theGovernment. The State Governments did not, in many cases, release their share of funds.Cases of diversion of central funds for other purposes were also noticed during audit.ally.The norms decided in 1972 to create Tiger Reserves stipulated an average area of 1500 sqkms.The actual areas of the Tiger Reserves were mostly less than the prescribed area. 15 out of the 28 Tiger Reserves created had area less than half the prescribed area which was definitelynot conducive for conservation, protection and sustenance of a viable tiger population. Besides,the boundaries of many of the Tiger Reserves had not been demarcated nor the areas fallingwithin the Tiger Reserves notified legThe Project Tiger Directorate did not have the wherewithal to undertake any monitoring of theimplementation of the project. It had only seven personnel including non-ministerial staff and could not even process the periodical reports and returns received from the Tiger Reserves or tocritically examine the Management Plans and issue appropriate directions. Implementation of the project was thus entirely in the hands of the State Governments whose priorities did notalways coincide with those of the Project Tiger Directorate.Relocation of the people living within the Tiger Reserves as well as removal and prevention of encroachment is essential to ease the biotic pressure on the tiger population. Efforts in thisdirection did not succeed primarily because of lack of resources. Against the requirement of around Rs.11000 crore to relocate 64951 families living within the Tiger Reserves, the allocationin the Tenth Five Year Plan was a meager Rs.10.50 crore. Even this money was not properlyutilized by the State Governments.The implementation of the project was severely hampered by understaffing at the level of Tiger Reserves. The personnel actually employed were also found to be overaged, undertrained and underequipped in many cases. The intelligence and communication network at the Reserves level was also week
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