summary of transportation in 500 words class 10 science
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The plants have low energy needs, as they use relatively slow transport systems. Plant transport systems move energy from leaves and raw materials from roots to all their parts. The xylem (tissue) moves water and minerals obtained from the soil to all other parts of the plants.
Transport of materials is necessary in both plants and animals as every cell needs a regular supply of nutrients and oxygen for releasing energy through respiration. The food that we eat is broken down into smaller components to be absorbed by the cells.
Most multicellular plants and animals have too small a surface area to volume ratio so diffusion would be too slow to provide the necessary molecules. Therefore, they require a system to transport nutrients and waste products around the organism.
Translocation in vascular plants means the movement organic molecules and some mineral ions. Movement of water from the soil to the leaves occurs in xylem vessels as the result of Transpiration.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Transportation in plants
Summary
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Plants obtain minerals from soil, water and fertilisers. Need for transportation in plants is to distribute water and nutrients to various parts. Transportation in a plant is a method of circulation of water and minerals from soil throughout the body of a plant.
Vascular tissues in transport
Vascular tissues like the xylem and phloem help in the conduction of water, minerals and nutrients throughout a plant’s body.
a) Xylem is the vascular tissue extending from top to bottom of the plant.
Xylem tissue is present in the roots, stems and leaves.
It helps in the transport of water molecules and dissolved substances from the root hairs to aerial parts of the plant.
Xylem mainly comprises of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem sclerenchyma.
The transport in xylem is unidirectional.
Xylem mostly occupies the centre of the vascular bundle.
The xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
Tracheids and vessels are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels that reach all parts of a plant.
Cells in the roots take up ions to create a high ion concentration. This causes water to move into the roots.
b) Phloem is the vascular tissue which transports food molecules to the place of necessity in the plant.
The elements in the phloem are sieve elements, fibres, phloem parenchyma and companion cells.
The transport in the phloem tissue is bidirectional.
It forms vascular bundles in association with xylem.
Phloem occupies the edges of the vascular bundle.
Transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves in the form of water vapour. Transpiration occurs in leaves through special structures present on them called as stomata.Transpiration is the process which helps the plant in many ways.
Transpiration always occurs against the gravity.
Transpiration involves mainly the xylem cells which become active during absorption process by the roots.
Excess water is removed from the cells of the plant to prevent plant decay.
Osmotic balance of the cell is maintained by the process of transpiration.
Transpiration is the process which helps all the parts of the plant to cool them.
Transpiration helps in the distribution of dissolved substances to all parts of the plant.
Translocation
Translocation is the process of the movement of synthesised products from the leaves to the roots and other parts of a plant’s body through the phloem.
The phloem is a conducting tissue for nutrients from the leaves to the other parts of a plant’s body. Translocation does not always occur against gravity.
Translocation involves both xylem and phloem cells to carry the synthesized food materials within the plant.
As sugar is synthesised in the leaves by the process of photosynthesis, a high concentration of organic substance inside the phloem cells of the leaf creates a diffusion gradient by which more water is sucked into the cells.
Translocation takes place in the sieve tubes, with the help of adjacent companion cells.