Summary on improvement of food resources?
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Food
Food is a mixture of all nutrients, including the carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
Agriculture
The science or practise of farming, including cultivation of the soil, for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products is called agriculture.
Kharif crops
The crops which are grown during the monsoon (June to October) are called Kharif crops. Black gram, cotton, green gram, maize, paddy, pigeon pea, soybean, are all examples of Kharif crops.
Rabi crops
Crops which are grown during the winter season(October-March) are called Rabi crops. Wheat, gram, peas, mustard, linseed are rabi crops.
Macronutrients
Among the 13 essential nutrients, 6 are the most essential nutrients required in abundance for growth and development of plants. These essential nutrients are collectively called macronutrients.
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sulfur (S),
Micronutrients
Among the 13 essential nutrients, 6 are classified into macronutrients and other 7 are classified into micronutrients
Manure
Manure is an organic matter obtained from the solid wastes of animal, humans, sludge, sewage, domestic waste, decomposed dead plants and animals.
Compost and vermicompost
The process in which the biological waste material is decomposed in pits is known as composting. When compost is prepared by using earthworms to hasten the process it’s called vermicompost.
Fertilizers
There are various brands of this fertilizer are available in the market.A most common example of fertilizer is NPK fertilizer which provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Organic farming
Organic farming is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as fertilizers and with a maximum input of organic manures. All resources are used optimally to get maximum, chemical-free yield.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the artificial process of applying water to the crops to fulfil their water requirements. There are different types of irrigation practised for improving crop yield. This process helps in ensuring that the crops get water at the right stages .i.e. during their growing season, which helps in increasing the expected yields of crop. Irrigation is done with the help of Canals, Wells, River lift system, Tanks, Rainwater harvesting and watersheds.
Crop Rotation: It is a cropping technique, which is practised for growing different crops on the same land in preplanned succession. The crops are selected based upon their duration- on the one-year rotation, two-year rotation, and three-year rotation.
Mixed cropping: It refers to a cropping system where two or more crops cultivated in the same piece of land simultaneously. This technique is most commonly followed by farmers as it reduces the risk of total crop failure because of less rainfall or adverse climatic conditions.
Weeds
Weeds are unwanted plants in the cultivated field consuming all the soil nutrients finally reducing the crop yield.
Pesticides and Insecticides
Pesticides and insecticides are chemicals that are used to kill or destroy the pests and other insects that cause extensive damages to the stored and freshly harvested crops. These chemicals are basically toxic in nature.
Herbicides and Fungicides
They are highly toxic chemicals that are used to kill fungus and unwanted vegetations.
Animal Husbandry
Animal husbandry is farming and maintenance of animal for a commercial purpose. Animals are raised for milk, meat and eggs.
Cattle
Cattle are reared by almost all farmers. In India, cattle are reared for milk and draught labour for agricultural work.
There are mainly two species of reared castles-, Bos indicus (cow) and Bos bubalis (buffalo) are :
Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which is undertaken to raise domestic fowl for the production of egg and chicken meat. Aseel, Busra Chittagong, and Ghagus are examples of the Indian varieties of poultry.
Plymouth rock Wyandotte, Rhode Island red and New Hampshire re examples of the American breeds.
Fishery
Fishery deals with the procurement of fishes for consumption. Fish is a good source of protein and forms the diet of people living in the coastal area. Fish can be obtained from the sea, freshwater bodies or even from estuaries. The process of capturing fish is known as aquaculture.