summary on Nationalism In India
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Key Concepts Chapter 3 - Nationalism in India, Class 10, SST (History)
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SECTION A — THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
The First World War (1914-1918) was a turning point in the history of Indian National Movement.It created a new political and economic situation.
National Movement spread to new areas, influenced new social groups, developed new modes of struggle. Nationalists could demand new concessions from Great Britain.But the war did not end hardships caused by it to millions of the poor in India.
Hardships suffered during the war – Huge defence expenditure, rise in prices, famines or crop failure (1918-19-20-21). Nearly 12 to 13 million people died (Census 1921) due to the famine.Anger caused by forced recruitment of army in the villages. At this stage Gandhiji emerged on the national scene.New Ideas – Satyagraha, a novel way of fighting the colonial rule in India. A non-aggressive, peaceful mass agitation against oppression and injustice. Gandhiji knew India could never match the British in arms.
Satyagraha means insistence on truth. A moral force, not passive resistance.Gandhiji organised Satyagraha Movements in Champaran, Bihar (1916), Kheda district of Gujarat (1917) and amongst cotton mill workers in Ahmedabad (1918). These campaigns established him as the leader of the masses.Rowlatt Act (1919), Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April, 1919) and the Khilafat Movement led Gandhiji to start his Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali; was founded to fight for Khilafat rights, and was against the harsh treatment given to the Khalifa, Emperor of the Turkish Empire, after the First World War.Gandhiji convinced the Congress to join hands with the Khilafat Movement and start a Non-Cooperation Campaign for Swaraj.Non-Cooperation with the British rule, programme adopted at the Nagpur Session of Congress in 1920.
SECTION B — DIFFERING STRANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT
Non-Cooperation began in January 1921.Many groups joined it for their own specific reasons.
Swaraj did mean the same to all.
(i) Movement in Towns : Middle class took up the fight. Students, teachers, lawyers gave up studies, jobs, practice and joined it in thousands. Council elections boycotted. Foreign goods boycotted. Liquor shops picketed.
(ii) Movement in the countryside : Peasants and tribals took over the struggle which turned violent at times. In Awadh, Baba Ramchandra fought against landlords and talukdars.|
In 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra formed Oudh Kisan Sabha.
In Andhra Pradesh : The peasants of Gudem Hills led a guerilla movement against the British. Their leader, Alluri Sitaram Raju, advocated use of force. He was captured and executed in 1924.
(iii) Movement in Plantations : Workers in Assam agitated to move freely, a protest against the Inland Emigration Act (1859) which prevented them from leaving the plantation without permission.
The Chauri-Chaura incident of 1922 made Gandhiji call off the movement.
hope it helped...
Full Screen
SECTION A — THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
The First World War (1914-1918) was a turning point in the history of Indian National Movement.It created a new political and economic situation.
National Movement spread to new areas, influenced new social groups, developed new modes of struggle. Nationalists could demand new concessions from Great Britain.But the war did not end hardships caused by it to millions of the poor in India.
Hardships suffered during the war – Huge defence expenditure, rise in prices, famines or crop failure (1918-19-20-21). Nearly 12 to 13 million people died (Census 1921) due to the famine.Anger caused by forced recruitment of army in the villages. At this stage Gandhiji emerged on the national scene.New Ideas – Satyagraha, a novel way of fighting the colonial rule in India. A non-aggressive, peaceful mass agitation against oppression and injustice. Gandhiji knew India could never match the British in arms.
Satyagraha means insistence on truth. A moral force, not passive resistance.Gandhiji organised Satyagraha Movements in Champaran, Bihar (1916), Kheda district of Gujarat (1917) and amongst cotton mill workers in Ahmedabad (1918). These campaigns established him as the leader of the masses.Rowlatt Act (1919), Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April, 1919) and the Khilafat Movement led Gandhiji to start his Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali; was founded to fight for Khilafat rights, and was against the harsh treatment given to the Khalifa, Emperor of the Turkish Empire, after the First World War.Gandhiji convinced the Congress to join hands with the Khilafat Movement and start a Non-Cooperation Campaign for Swaraj.Non-Cooperation with the British rule, programme adopted at the Nagpur Session of Congress in 1920.
SECTION B — DIFFERING STRANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT
Non-Cooperation began in January 1921.Many groups joined it for their own specific reasons.
Swaraj did mean the same to all.
(i) Movement in Towns : Middle class took up the fight. Students, teachers, lawyers gave up studies, jobs, practice and joined it in thousands. Council elections boycotted. Foreign goods boycotted. Liquor shops picketed.
(ii) Movement in the countryside : Peasants and tribals took over the struggle which turned violent at times. In Awadh, Baba Ramchandra fought against landlords and talukdars.|
In 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra formed Oudh Kisan Sabha.
In Andhra Pradesh : The peasants of Gudem Hills led a guerilla movement against the British. Their leader, Alluri Sitaram Raju, advocated use of force. He was captured and executed in 1924.
(iii) Movement in Plantations : Workers in Assam agitated to move freely, a protest against the Inland Emigration Act (1859) which prevented them from leaving the plantation without permission.
The Chauri-Chaura incident of 1922 made Gandhiji call off the movement.
hope it helped...
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Effect of world war 1 in india
i) Britain also take part in ww 1 so it create a huge increase in defence expenditure to cover it up Income tax introduced in india .
ii) Force recuitment in rural areas ( which means colonial state forced people to join army)
iii) Prices doubled during war years ( b/w 1913 to 1918)
iv) At that time, Crops failed in many parts of the country. this leads to food shortage.
v) Influenza epidemic occurs due to which 1.2 crore people died.
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