Swach bharat abhiyan advantages and disadvantages
Answers
Structure:
* 2 components:
* SBM Rural
* SBM Urban
* Objectives:
* Building toilets
* Bringing behavioural change
* Focus on community participation
* Flexibility in choice:
* An illustrative list of technology options, with cost implications is provided to meet the user preferences & location specific needs
* Incentive of 12000 Rs is provided for construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) to eligible beneficiaries in rural areas & covers for provision of water storage
* Aligned with SDGs:
* SDG 6.2: Adequate & equitable sanitation & hygiene for all
Course:
* More than 5 lakh swachhagrahis, foot soldiers were recruited to reinforce the message of toilet usage
* Swachh Bharat Kosh established to encourage Corporate Social Responsibility & accept contributions from private organizations, individuals & philanthropists
Appraisal:
* Since October 2014, over 9.5 crore toilets have been built all over the country
* Nearly 90% of all SBM toilets have already been geo-tagged
* Approx 93% villages & 88% districts have been declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) & now we are moving towards ODF+
* According to Sanitation Health Impact Assessment Study conducted by Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (MoDWS), becoming ODF had a positive impact on the child health & nutrition
* Behavioural change:
* According to National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS) 2018-19, 96.5% of the rural households that had access to a toilet, used them
* Led to gender justice
* Many states have undertaken various activities such as construction of waste collection centers, menstrual hygiene management activities, installation of bio-gas plants etc.
* Economic Survey 2018-19 talks about "Swachh Bharat to Sundar Bharat via Swasth Bharat"
Criticism:
* Less focus on water availability, sewer construction, river cleaning
* Behavior change might take longer than expected