symptoms ,prevention and controll of cholera
Answers
Answer:
ʜʏᴅʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴsᴛᴀʏ ᴏғ ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ғᴏʀ ᴄʜᴏʟᴇʀᴀ. ᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ʜᴏᴡ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪᴀʀʀʜᴇᴀ ɪs, ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴡɪʟʟ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛ ᴏғ ᴏʀᴀʟ ᴏʀ ɪɴᴛʀᴀᴠᴇɴᴏᴜs sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴs ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴘʟᴀᴄᴇ ʟᴏsᴛ ғʟᴜɪᴅs. ᴀɴᴛɪʙɪᴏᴛɪᴄs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴋɪʟʟ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ, ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴇᴍᴇʀɢᴇɴᴄʏ ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ғᴏʀ ᴍɪʟᴅ ᴄᴀsᴇs.
Explanation:
The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but can be severe. Symptoms may include:
• Watery diarrhoea flecked with mucus and dead cells, resembling rice water (rice-water stool).
• Nausea with persistent vomiting and muscle cramps.
• Dehydration — signs and symptoms here include irritability, lethargy, sunken eyes, a dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, little or no urine output, low blood pressure, and an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
• Shock — this occurs when low blood volume causes a drop in blood pressure and if left untreated, can cause severe hypovolemic shock and death.
In children it may present as:
• Extreme drowsiness or even coma
• Fever
• Convulsions
Cholera Complications
Shock and severe dehydration are the most common complications of cholera. Other complications include:
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Unusually low blood sugar levels can result in seizures, unconsciousness and even death.
• Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) due to the loss of large quantities of minerals can interfere with heart and nerve functions.
• Kidney (renal) failure occurs when the kidneys lose their filtering ability leading to the build-up of excess amounts of fluids and wastes in the body.
Cholera Treatment
The main goal in cholera treatment is to replace fluids and electrolytes using a simple rehydration solution called Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS). The solution is available as a powder that can be reconstituted in boiled or bottled water.
Antibiotics such as a single dose of azithromycin can be used for both adults and children with severe cholera.
Prevention of Cholera
Your risk of contracting the disease can be low if you follow these precautions in cholera-endemic locations:
• Drink only boiled water or water treated with chlorine or iodine.
• Eat only foods that have been thoroughly cooked and are still hot.
• Eat fruit that is thoroughly washed and that you have peeled yourself.
• Avoid salads and eat only cooked vegetables.
• Avoid buying food and beverages from street vendors.
• Wash your hands with soap and water frequently.
• Avoid sushi and do not eat raw or improperly cooked fish and seafood.
• Avoid dairy foods such as unpasteurised milk and ice cream.
• Cholera vaccine — contact your doctor or a public health institution if you need information on the vaccine.
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