Synthesis of phthalimide from phthalic acid
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Explanation:
Phthalimide can be prepared by heating phthalic anhydride with aqueous ammonia giving 95–97% yield. Alternatively, it may be prepared by treating the anhydride with ammonium carbonate or urea. It can also be produced by ammoxidation of o-xylene.
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Explanation:
Using the urea N-atom as a nucleophile, you can attack one of the very electrophilic carbonyl of the anhrdride. After a bunch of arrow-pushing and proton transfers, you get to phthalimide with a -C(O)NH2 attached to the nitrogen.
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