system favours higher entropy ( means more instability/energy/disorderness etc) but the same system and its components ( atoms/molecules/matter, etc) wants to be in a state of lowest energy( means more stability). Please explain and try to connect these two contradictions.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
In 1824, at the age of 28, Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (Figure 1) published the results of an extensive study regarding the efficiency of steam heat engines. In a later review of Carnot’s findings, Rudolf Clausius introduced a new thermodynamic property that relates the spontaneous heat flow accompanying a process to the temperature at which the process takes place. This new property was expressed as the ratio of the reversible heat (qrev) and the kelvin temperature (T). The term reversible process refers to a process that takes place at such a slow rate that it is always at equilibrium and its direction can be changed (it can be “reversed”) by an infinitesimally small change is some condition. Note that the idea of a reversible process is a formalism required to support the development of various thermodynamic concepts; no real processes are truly reversible, rather they are classified as irreversible.
Similar to other thermodynamic properties, this new quantity is a state function, and so its change depends only upon the initial and final states of a system. In 1865, Clausius named this property entropy (S) and defined its change for any process as the following:
Δ
S
=
q
rev
T
The entropy change for a real, irreversible process is then equal to that for the theoretical reversible process that involves the same initial and final states.