Question

Systematic and monumental
description of life forms brought in, out of necessity, detailed systems
of identification, nomenclature and classification. The biggest spin off
of such studies was the recognition of the sharing of similarities among
living organisms both horizontally and vertically.

please explain it's meaning.....
I am so confused....​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The relationship between species in the present day are the horizontal relationships; one can define species horizontally by looking at and grouping organisms existing today (or at any other time "slice"). You can compare species horizontally by, say, looking at the skull of a human and the skull of a chimpanzee.

The relationship between species today and species that have existed in the past are the vertical relationships. For example, you could look at the skull of a modern horse and compare it to the skull of Mesohippus.

I've included a couple sources below that use this distinction, though I'm not sure where it originates.

I'd say the "horizontal" terminology comes up more frequently and may be more familiar, for example in reference to horizontal gene transfer one is talking about genetic material moving between species living at the same time. "Vertical gene transfer" can also be defined as the transmission of genetic information from parent to offspring, but more typically you would just call it inheritance

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