Table 10.2 Measuring width of a table
Who measured the
width of the table?
Number of
handspans
Answers
Answer:
Motion and Measurement of Distances
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Motion and Measurement of Distances
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Table of Content 10.1 STORY OF TRANSPORT10.2 HOW FAR HAVE YOU TRAVELLED? HOW WIDE IS THIS DESK?10.3 SOME MEASUREMENTS10.4 STANDARD UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS10.5 CORRECT MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH10.6 MEASURING THE LENGTH OF A CURVED LINE10.7 MOVING THINGS AROUND US10.8 TYPES OF MOTIONKeywordsSummarySUGGESTED PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIESEXERCISE
TABLE OF CONTENT
10.1 STORY OF TRANSPORT
10.2 HOW FAR HAVE YOU TRAVELLED? HOW WIDE IS THIS DESK?
10.3 SOME MEASUREMENTS
10.4 STANDARD UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
10.5 CORRECT MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
10.6 MEASURING THE LENGTH OF A CURVED LINE
10.7 MOVING THINGS AROUND US
10.8 TYPES OF MOTION
KEYWORDS
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
EXERCISE
There was a general discussion among the children in Paheli and Boojho's class about the places they had visited during the summer vacations. Someone had gone to their native village by a train, then a bus, and finally a bullock cart. One student had travelled by an aeroplane. Another spent many days of his holidays going on fishing trips in his uncle's boat.
The teacher then asked them to read newspaper articles that mentioned about small wheeled vehicles that moved on the soil of Mars and conducted experiments. These vehicles were taken by spacecraft all the way to Mars!
Meanwhile, Paheli had been reading stories about ancient India and wanted to know how people travelled from one place to another in earlier times.
10.1 STORY OF TRANSPORT
Long ago people did not have any means of transport. They used to move only on foot and carry goods either on their back or using animals.
For transport along water routes, boats were used from ancient times. To begin with, boats were simple logs of wood in which a hollow cavity could be made. Later, people learnt to put together different pieces of wood and give shapes to the boats. These shapes imitated the shapes of the animals living in water. Recall our discussions of this streamlined shape of fish in Chapters 8 and 9.
Invention of the wheel made a great change in modes of transport. The design of the wheel was improved over thousands of years. Animals were used to pull vehicles that moved on wheels.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, people still depended on animal power to transport them from place to place. The invention of steam engine introduced a new source of power. Railroads were made for steam engine driven carriages and wagons.

Fig.1 Means of transportation
Later came automobiles. Motorised boats and ships were used as means of transport on water. The early years of 1900 saw the development of aeroplanes. These were later improved to carry passengers and goods. Electric trains, monorail, supersonic aeroplanes and spacecraft are some of the 20th century contributions.
Fig.1 shows some of the different modes of transport. Place them in the correct order — from the earliest modes of transport to the most recent.
Are there any of the early modes of transport that are not in use today?
10.2 HOW FAR HAVE YOU TRAVELLED?
HOW WIDE IS THIS DESK?
How did people know how far they have travelled?
How will you know whether you can walk all the way to your school or whether you will need to take a bus or a rickshaw to reach your school? When you need to purchase something, is it possible for you to walk to the market? How will you know the answers to these questions?
It is often important to know how far a place is, so that we can have an idea how we are going to reach that place — walk, take a bus or a train, a ship, an aeroplane or even a spacecraft!
Sometimes, there are objects whose length or width we need to know.
In Paheli and Boojho's classroom, there are large desks which are to be shared by two students. Paheli and Boojho share one desk, but, frequently end up fighting that the other is using a larger share of the desk.
On the teacher's suggestion, they decided to measure the length of the desk, make a mark exactly in the middle of it and draw a line to separate the two halves of the desk.
Both of them are very fond of playing gilli danda with their friends. Boojho brought a set of gilli and danda with him.
Here is how they tried to measure the length of the desk using the danda and the gilli (Fig.2).
The desk seems to be having a length equal to two danda lengths and two lengths of the gilli. Drawing a line in the middle of the desk leaves each of them happy with a half of the desk equal to a danda and a gilli in length. After a few days, the marked line gets wiped out. Boojho now has a new set of gilli and danda as he lost his
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