table of metals extracting from their ores
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An ore is any naturally-occurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal from.
Aluminium, for example, is the most common metal in the Earth's crust, occurring in all sorts of minerals.
There are various economic factors you need to think about in choosing a method of reduction for a particular ore.
You need to consider:
the cost of the reducing agent;
energy costs;
the desired purity of the metal.
Reduction using a more reactive metal:
Titanium is produced by reducing titanium(IV) chloride using a more reactive metal such as sodium or magnesium.
Reduction by electrolysis
This is a common extraction process for the more reactive metals - for example, for aluminium and metals above it in the electrochemical series. You may also come across it in other cases such as one method of extracting copper and in the purification of copper.
During electrolysis, electrons are being added directly to the metal ions at the cathode (the negative electrode).
The downside (particularly in the aluminium case) is the cost of the electricity. An advantage is that it can produce very pure metals.
Aluminium, for example, is the most common metal in the Earth's crust, occurring in all sorts of minerals.
There are various economic factors you need to think about in choosing a method of reduction for a particular ore.
You need to consider:
the cost of the reducing agent;
energy costs;
the desired purity of the metal.
Reduction using a more reactive metal:
Titanium is produced by reducing titanium(IV) chloride using a more reactive metal such as sodium or magnesium.
Reduction by electrolysis
This is a common extraction process for the more reactive metals - for example, for aluminium and metals above it in the electrochemical series. You may also come across it in other cases such as one method of extracting copper and in the purification of copper.
During electrolysis, electrons are being added directly to the metal ions at the cathode (the negative electrode).
The downside (particularly in the aluminium case) is the cost of the electricity. An advantage is that it can produce very pure metals.
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