tabularly explain animal hormones
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Steroid Hormones
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. These include sex hormones and hormones of the adrenal cortex. Steroid hormones are of three groups sex hormones, glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids.
The activity of the sex hormones are controlled by the hormones from the adenohypophysis.
Male sex hormones androgens mostly testosterone, they are secreted from the Leydig cells.
Testosterone hormones controls the development of male sexual characteristics, and also they changes which occur during puberty like deeper voice, moustache, beard and body hair, increase in bone density, growth of muscle mass.
Female sex hormones are estrogens and progesterones.
Estrogen controls the development of female sex organs and changes which occur during puberty, like feminine voice, mammary glands etc.
Progesterone is the pregnancy hormone, it causes ovulation.
Glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids are hormones of the adrenal gland. Glucocorticoids chiefly cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis and fat breakdown in adipose tissue. Cortisol inhibits protein synthesis.
Mineralcorticoids chiefly aldosterone stimulates reabsoprtion of sodium in kidneys, and passsive reabsoprtion of water in kidneys, increasing the blood volume and pressure.
Lipid Hormones
Lipid hormones are the hormones derived from lipids which are fats. Mostly these are hormones that send messages to the nearby cell that make hormones. Eicosanids are hormones derived from lipid . These hormones are known to be involved in reproductive function, inflammation, fever and pain, in formation of blood clots, regulation of blood pressure, in gastric acid secretion and other processes.
Amino Acid Hormones
Amino acid these are hormones derived form amino acids. Many of the amino acid hormones are neurotransmitters. The hormones derived from amino acids are thyroid hormones and the hormones of the adrenal medulla.
Thyroid hormones - T3 or Triiodothronine hormones and T4 or Thyroxine hormones stimulates the body oxygen and energy consumption. Increase basal metabolic rates. They also promotes protein synthesis.
Calcitonin stimulates the osteoblasts hence aids in bone construction. It also inhibits the release of calcium ions from bones, hence reducing the blood calcium levels.
The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla - epinephrine and norepinephrine are also amino acid derived hormones. These hormones are known as flight and fright hormones. These hormones are also known as emergency hormones. They boost the supply of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles.
Peptide Hormones
Protein Hormones or peptide hormones are made from polymers amino acids. Many of these hormones stimulate other glands to make hormones. They are also important in regulation of metabolism.
Pancreatic hormones like insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones. Insulin is secreted from the b cells of pancreas, this hormones increase intake of glucose, glycogenesis and glycolysis in liver and muscle from blood. Also helps intake of lipids.
Glucagon is secreted from a cells of pancreas, they bring about glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver.
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. These include sex hormones and hormones of the adrenal cortex. Steroid hormones are of three groups sex hormones, glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids.
The activity of the sex hormones are controlled by the hormones from the adenohypophysis.
Male sex hormones androgens mostly testosterone, they are secreted from the Leydig cells.
Testosterone hormones controls the development of male sexual characteristics, and also they changes which occur during puberty like deeper voice, moustache, beard and body hair, increase in bone density, growth of muscle mass.
Female sex hormones are estrogens and progesterones.
Estrogen controls the development of female sex organs and changes which occur during puberty, like feminine voice, mammary glands etc.
Progesterone is the pregnancy hormone, it causes ovulation.
Glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids are hormones of the adrenal gland. Glucocorticoids chiefly cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis and fat breakdown in adipose tissue. Cortisol inhibits protein synthesis.
Mineralcorticoids chiefly aldosterone stimulates reabsoprtion of sodium in kidneys, and passsive reabsoprtion of water in kidneys, increasing the blood volume and pressure.
Lipid Hormones
Lipid hormones are the hormones derived from lipids which are fats. Mostly these are hormones that send messages to the nearby cell that make hormones. Eicosanids are hormones derived from lipid . These hormones are known to be involved in reproductive function, inflammation, fever and pain, in formation of blood clots, regulation of blood pressure, in gastric acid secretion and other processes.
Amino Acid Hormones
Amino acid these are hormones derived form amino acids. Many of the amino acid hormones are neurotransmitters. The hormones derived from amino acids are thyroid hormones and the hormones of the adrenal medulla.
Thyroid hormones - T3 or Triiodothronine hormones and T4 or Thyroxine hormones stimulates the body oxygen and energy consumption. Increase basal metabolic rates. They also promotes protein synthesis.
Calcitonin stimulates the osteoblasts hence aids in bone construction. It also inhibits the release of calcium ions from bones, hence reducing the blood calcium levels.
The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla - epinephrine and norepinephrine are also amino acid derived hormones. These hormones are known as flight and fright hormones. These hormones are also known as emergency hormones. They boost the supply of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles.
Peptide Hormones
Protein Hormones or peptide hormones are made from polymers amino acids. Many of these hormones stimulate other glands to make hormones. They are also important in regulation of metabolism.
Pancreatic hormones like insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones. Insulin is secreted from the b cells of pancreas, this hormones increase intake of glucose, glycogenesis and glycolysis in liver and muscle from blood. Also helps intake of lipids.
Glucagon is secreted from a cells of pancreas, they bring about glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver.
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