Question

Tabulate the site, enzyme and the food digested in the human digestive system.

Answer 1

Explanation:

Human Digestive system includes Gastrointestinal Tract and other accessory parts like the liver, intestines, glands, mouth, stomach, gallbladder. There are 6 main functions of the Human Digestive System Process: Ingestion, Motility, Secretion, Digestion, Absorption, Excretion. The food that you eat gives you not only the required energy and nutrients to the body but also is used for cell growth and repair

In Human digestive system, there are many parts that work together. The food that you eat has biomacromolecules, which are nothing but the carbohydrates (such as sugars), proteins, lipids (such as fats), and nucleic acids. These have to be converted to their simpler forms so that your body can absorb it. These biomacromolecules are the building blocks that you require to maintain your body, which is also made of these large biological molecules, along with water!

This process of converting complex food substances (molecules) into simpler forms to facilitate absorption is called Digestion. In humans, this system consists of many parts and organs, including the alimentary canal, digestive glands, and a few accessory organs such as the teeth, salivary glands, tongue, pancreas, liver, gallbladder etc.

Nevertheless, the starting point where digestion actually starts in the mouth! From the mouth, it passes through the alimentary canal, which is also called the gastrointestinal tract. This tract consists of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The mouth can be considered as the anterior opening of the alimentary canal, while the anus is the posterior opening.

Answer 2

Answer:

Table 1: Physical and Chemical Digestion

Organ Function

mouth chewing of food and digestion of starch by salivary amylase

esophagus transport of food from mouth to stomach; lubricated by mucus

stomach storage of food and initial digestion of proteins + fats; production of the hormone gastrin (response to protein) that stimulates stomach's gastric glands to release gastric juice (including pepsin and HCl)

small intestine continued digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids; most absorption of nutrients; production of the hormone secretin (response to HCl) that stimulates pancrease to release bicarbonate; production of the hormone CCK (response to fat) that stimulates gall bladder to release bile

pancreas production of digestive enzymes that act in small intestine; production of the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar; production of bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid in small intestine

large intestine absorption of water; production of some vitamins; storage of undigested food

Table 2: Substances Involved in Digestion

Organ Secretion and Function

salivary glands salivary amylase - converts starch (a polysaccharide) to maltose (a disaccharide)

esophagus mucus - helps movement of food

stomach hydrochloric acid - converts pepsinogen to pepsin and kills microbes

pepsinogen - when converted to pepsin, initiates digestion of proteins (long chains of amino acids) to polypeptides and peptides (shorter chains of amino acids)

lipase - converts lipids (eg. triglycerides) into glycerol and fatty acids

mucus - protects stomach from pepsin and HCl

renin - coagulates proteins in milk to slow movement

pancreas; small intestine pancreatic amylase - converts starch (a polysaccharide) to maltose (a disaccharide)

bicarbonate - neutralizes HCl from stomach

enterokinase - converts trypsinogen to trypsin

trypsinogen - when converted to trypsin, converts proteins into peptides

erepsin - converts peptides into amino acids

lipase - converts lipids (eg. triglycerides) into glycerol and fatty acids

maltase - convets maltose (a disaccharide) into two glucose (a monosaccharide)

sucrase - convets sucrose (a disaccharide) into glucose and fructose (monosaccharides)

lactase - convets lactose (a disaccharide) into glucose and galactose(monosaccharides)

liver bile - emulsifies fat (large globules into smaller ones for lipase to work)

gall bladder bile - stores concentrated bile from liver

large intestine mucus - helps movement of food

Explanation: