tagalog essay on science for the people enabling technologies for sustainable development
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To achieve and sustain good environmental quality in economies that will continue economic growth, environmental pressures per unit of output must be reduced by a factor of 4 to 10 in high income countries during the next fifteen to twenty years (Weizsäcker et al. 1998Weizsäcker, E, Lovins, A B and Hunter Lovins, L. 1998. Factor Four, London: Earthscan.
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). The question is how such ambitious goals can be achieved, or in policy terms, what has to be done to foster sustainable development. In our view, environmental innovation, which aims at reducing environmental pressure per unit of produced value through new technology, is the key to success. In this paper we explore what theory, mainly based on economic disciplines, has to say about the policy to encourage environmental innovation.
A first necessary step to lower environmental pressures is to use available technology and substitute labour and capital for increasingly scarce environmental resources. Yet, the substitution alone can bring only temporary relief because of decreasing marginal yield of the substitution when the global economy with pollution continue to grow. More than three decades ago economists already pointed out the progress towards sustainability as a race between different types of technical progress: on the one hand labour and capital saving technological development that drives up output with its complementary pollution and on the other hand environment-oriented technological change. In a growing economy, the environmental impact of the economic output can only be improved if the second type of progress, or environmental innovation as we shall call it, exceeds the first type of technical progress that tends to increase total output (Kuipers & Nentjes 1973Kuipers, S K and Nentjes, A. 1973. Pollution in a neo-classical world: the classics rehabilitated?. De Economist, 121(1): 52–67.
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). The question of how to foster environmental innovation depends on the view what forces drive innovations. The views diverge between the three different approaches that will be discussed in this essay. We shall assess what they offer and use them as a framework for our own ideas on technological change towards sustainable development.
We know that every development process needs a significant amount of environmental resources.
And a sustainable process of development has a motive to cause the less possible amount of environmental damage.
Now, science is the only solution to this problem of sustainable development.
The scientists are constantly working to develop such eco-friendly technologies to perform the sustainable development in a large scale.
And according to the recent observations,it is clear that the scientists already achieved an enormous success in the field of sustainable development technology.