Take a interview of a person work as expert jal yoddha jaldoot in development of watershed area of water conversation discuss various components of water conversation with him her
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Answer:
Rajendra Singh is a water conservationist and environmentalist from Alwar, Rajasthan. He won the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2001 and the Stockholm Water Prize, also known as the Nobel Prize for water, in 2015. He is the founder of the Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS), a 45-year-old nonprofit that has been working on making villages self-reliant by constructing johads1 and other water conservation structures to collect rainwater. Rajendra mentors a national collective of water-related organisations, called the Rashtriya Jal Biradari, which has worked on rejuvenating more than 100 rivers in India.
In this interview with IDR, he reflects on what drove him to work on water conservation, what true self-reliance for a village looks like, and how the pandemic is reversing some of the disastrous effects of development.
You have studied literature and Ayurveda, what led you to start working on water and other related issues?
When I came to Gopalpura village in Alwar in 1985, a disease called rathondi (night blindness) was prevalent here due to malnutrition. So, I started providing treatment for it. Soon, I realised that the community was not educated, so I started a school. My work on medicine and education went on for seven months.
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One day, an old farmer named Mangu Meena said to me, “We don’t need medicine, we don’t need education. We first need water.” The people in Gopalpura were facing a severe water shortage, more than other villages in Alwar. The land was completely barren and desolate. I told him that I knew nothing about water conservation. He said, “I will teach you.” Now, you know how we are as youngsters—we ask a lot of questions. So, I asked him, “If you can teach me, why don’t you do it yourself?” With tearful eyes, he said, “We used to do it ourselves, but ever since elections have started in the village, the villagers have divided themselves according to parties. They don’t work together any more, nor do they think about a common future. But you don’t belong to any one side. You are for all.” I understood what he was saying. Though he was not educated, he was wise. I started working on water conservation.
My entire training on water took all of two days. Mangu kaka took me to 25 dry wells in the village, and made me climb down 80 to 150 feet, to see the belly of the earth. I looked at the different types of fractures in the wells, and understood how we can save water from being stolen by the sun. While it is the sun that gives us rainfall, or water, in Rajasthan, it is also the biggest thief of water, via evaporation. My job was to identify ways to collect the water and make it reach the belly of the earth, so that it does not evaporate.
This is exactly what I did in Gopalpura, by building johads. After just one monsoon, the wells and underground aquifers started getting recharged. That water in turn rejuvenated the small springs that had dried up. All we had to do was recharge underground aquifers. As this type of work spread to other villages and states, 12 rivers were revived, which have now become perennial.
From Gopalpura, how did you start working in other villages? And what effects of water conservation work did you see in the region?
Now, when water came back to the village, the villagers called everyone who had migrated for work back home—there was reverse migration. They started farming on the land again, and when they had their first crop, the villagers told all their relatives how they had been able to get water and start farming. Those relatives started inviting me to their villages. From Gopalpura, the water conservation work started spreading to Karauli, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur, Bharatpur, and so on. I started three types of yatras: The first was ‘Jal Bachao Johad Banao‘ (save water, practice water harvesting); the second was ‘Gram Swavalamban’ (village self-reliance); and the third was ‘Ped Lagao Ped Bachao‘ (plant trees, save trees). Through these yatras, and by using existing social networks, we scaled up the work.
When they saw water come back the village, they started working on water conservation and revived their agricultural work.
Soon, people in this region started seeing the impact of this work. In Karauli, the people were helpless and unemployed and were forced to engage in unlawful activities. When they saw water come back the village, they started working on water conservation and revived their agricultural work.
The forest cover in the region has increased from two percent of the land to 48 percent. The people who earlier left these villages to work as truck-loaders for contractors in Jaipur are now employers, giving work to contractors to transport their farm produce. They are now employing the same people for whom they were doing labour earlier.
Explanation:
Answer:
I asked him about the importance of watershed:
He replied:
For a tiny stream, the watershed may be a few hectares, whereas for a huge river, it may be many square kilometres. A watershed region should ideally be 1,000 to 2,500 hectares in size to allow for effective planning and execution. If the region falls within this range, it will be possible to create a well-balanced strategy and put it into action within the next two to three years.management goals for watersheds
A comprehensive method for maximising agricultural output from the land, watershed management aims to stop land deterioration. Watershed management is using land and water resources sensibly to achieve maximum productivity over the long term with the least amount of risk to the environment. Using some common sense and decorum.
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