Question

taking the example of a simple pendulum, explain the variations in the forms of energy and interconversions involved.

Answer 1

Postion PE KE

extreme 1 max zero

Between extreme decreasing increasing

1 and mean

Mean zero max

Between mean

and extreme 2 increasing decreasing

Extreme 2 max zero

Hope this helps

Answer 2

Answer:

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy are constantly transformed so that potential energy and kinetic energy are maximum at the extreme positions and the middle position.

In an oscillating pendulum, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy are constantly changing each other. Potential energy and kinetic energy are maximum in extreme positions and middle positions.

As the pendulum swings, its potential energy changes to kinetic energy, then back to potential energy, then back to kinetic energy, and so on.

Let's use a tire swing as a pendulum to see how it works!

• At the starting point, all the mechanical energy of the swing is potential energy.
• As the swing moves down, some of its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
• At its lowest point, the swing's kinetic energy is maximum because it is moving at its highest speed. Its potential energy is minimal because the swing is at its lowest point.
• At the top of its arc, it again has zero kinetic energy and maximum potential energy.
• Notice that as the swing continues to move, the arcs become smaller. And slower. Eventually, it will stop. What happened to the energy of the swing?
• In one word: friction. Friction is a force that prevents motion. As objects move against each other, friction changes some of their mechanical energy into thermal energy or heat. This is what happens when you rub your hands together to warm them up.
• As the swing moves through the air, the friction of the air molecules prevents it from moving. This converts part of the swing's kinetic energy into thermal energy, which is transferred to the surroundings. With less kinetic energy, the swing will slow down. When all of its mechanical energy is converted into heat energy, the swing stops. It no longer has potential energy or kinetic energy. But the total energy in the system remains the same.

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