Question

Tax on cultivation which was about 50 percent of the total produce of the land. *

1 point

A) Kharaj

B) Income

C) Revenue

D) Tanka​

Answer 1

Answer:

revenue

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Tax on cultivation, about 50 per cent of the total produce of the land is Kharaj - option A.

• In a large portion of northern India, Alauddin imposed a 50% kharaj (Islamic tax on agricultural land).
• The greatest amount permitted by the Hanafi school of Islam, which predominated in Delhi at the time, was half of the agricultural output, which the cultivators were obligated to pay as a tax.
• The land revenue for each territory represented by an intermediary was predetermined before Alauddin's reforms, regardless of the territory's area under cultivation. The set sum was probably determined by custom.
• The government of Alauddin broke with tradition and calculated the revenue amount based on the amount of land under cultivation and the number of products produced by each Biswas.
• In southern India during the reign of Alauddin, this custom of calculating the revenue amount based on the land area was known to the Hindu kings.
• Alauddin was the first Muslim emperor of India to use it, although it appears to have fallen out of use in northern India.
• Depending on the state of the kingdom, the Hindu kings wanted anywhere from one-sixth to one-third of the agricultural output.
• Alauddin's predecessors, the Muslim Sultans of Delhi, do not appear to have sought more than one-third of the produce in tax.
• The village heads were prohibited from levying unauthorised taxes on the peasants by Alauddin's government and had to pay the same taxes as everyone else.
• Rich and strong villages with more land had to pay more taxes due to the requirement that taxes be proportional to the size of the land.
• Alauddin portrayed himself as the defender of the weaker members of rural society by suppressing the village heads.
• Barani claimed that the 50% land tax significantly decreased the wealth of the Hindus who controlled agriculture.
• The imperial authority took away the village chiefs' money, horses, and weapons to quell any uprisings.
• The dread of Alauddin rendered these chiefs so submissive that, according to Barani, "it was impossible for the Hindu to raise his head": "A single foot soldier from the tax office would tie the necks" of twenty village leaders together and "kick and thrash them for the fulfilment of the tribute."
• According to Barani, the financial situation of these Hindu village chiefs deteriorated to the point where their women were forced to labour for pay in Muslim homes.

Hence, Kharaj is the tax cultivation which was about 50 per cent of the total produce of the land.

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