Technical and scientific works of Aryabhatta
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Aryabhata (Sanskrit: आर्यभट, ISO: Āryabhaṭa) or Aryabhata I[2][3] (476–550 CE)[4][5] was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kaliyuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old)[6] and the Arya-siddhanta.
Āryabhaṭa
2064 aryabhata-crp.jpg
Statue depicting Aryabhata on the grounds of IUCAA, Pune (although there is no historical record of his appearance).
Born
476 CE
Kusumapura (Pataliputra) (present-day Patna, India)[1]
Died
550 CE[citation needed]
Academic background
Influences
Surya Siddhanta
Academic work
Era
Gupta era
Main interests
Mathematics, astronomy
Notable works
Āryabhaṭīya, Arya-siddhanta
Notable ideas
Explanation of lunar eclipse and solar eclipse, rotation of Earth on its axis, reflection of light by moon, sinusoidal functions, solution of single variable quadratic equation, value of π correct to 4 decimal places, diameter of Earth, calculation of the length of sidereal year
Influenced
Lalla, Bhaskara I, Brahmagupta, Varahamihira
For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major early physicist.[7]
Contents
Biography
Name
While there is a tendency to misspell his name as "Aryabhatta" by analogy with other names having the "bhatta" suffix, his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every astronomical text spells his name thus,[8] including Brahmagupta's references to him "in more than a hundred places by name".[1] Furthermore, in most instances "Aryabhatta" would not fit the metre either.[8]
Time and place of birth
Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that he was 23 years old 3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, but this is not to mean that the text was composed at that time. This mentioned year corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476.[5] Aryabhata called himself a native of Kusumapura or Pataliputra (present day Patna, Bihar).[1]
Other hypothesis
Bhāskara I describes Aryabhata as āśmakīya, "one belonging to the Aśmaka country." During the Buddha's time, a branch of the Aśmaka people settled in the region between the Narmada and Godavari rivers in central India.[8][9]
It has been claimed that the aśmaka (Sanskrit for "stone") where Aryabhata originated may be the present day Kodungallur which was the historical capital city of Thiruvanchikkulam of ancient Kerala.[10] This is based on the belief that Koṭuṅṅallūr was earlier known as Koṭum-Kal-l-ūr ("city of hard stones"); however, old records show that the city was actually Koṭum-kol-ūr ("city of strict governance"). Similarly, the fact that several commentaries on the Aryabhatiya have come from Kerala has been used to suggest that it was Aryabhata's main place of life and activity; however, many commentaries have come from outside Kerala, and the Aryasiddhanta was completely unknown in Kerala.[8] K. Chandra Hari has argued for the Kerala hypothesis on the basis of astronomical evidence.[11]
Aryabhata mentions "Lanka" on several occasions in the Aryabhatiya, but his "Lanka" is an abstraction, standing for a point on the equator at the same longitude as his Ujjayini.[12
Āryabhaṭa
2064 aryabhata-crp.jpg
Statue depicting Aryabhata on the grounds of IUCAA, Pune (although there is no historical record of his appearance).
Born
476 CE
Kusumapura (Pataliputra) (present-day Patna, India)[1]
Died
550 CE[citation needed]
Academic background
Influences
Surya Siddhanta
Academic work
Era
Gupta era
Main interests
Mathematics, astronomy
Notable works
Āryabhaṭīya, Arya-siddhanta
Notable ideas
Explanation of lunar eclipse and solar eclipse, rotation of Earth on its axis, reflection of light by moon, sinusoidal functions, solution of single variable quadratic equation, value of π correct to 4 decimal places, diameter of Earth, calculation of the length of sidereal year
Influenced
Lalla, Bhaskara I, Brahmagupta, Varahamihira
For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major early physicist.[7]
Contents
Biography
Name
While there is a tendency to misspell his name as "Aryabhatta" by analogy with other names having the "bhatta" suffix, his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every astronomical text spells his name thus,[8] including Brahmagupta's references to him "in more than a hundred places by name".[1] Furthermore, in most instances "Aryabhatta" would not fit the metre either.[8]
Time and place of birth
Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that he was 23 years old 3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, but this is not to mean that the text was composed at that time. This mentioned year corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476.[5] Aryabhata called himself a native of Kusumapura or Pataliputra (present day Patna, Bihar).[1]
Other hypothesis
Bhāskara I describes Aryabhata as āśmakīya, "one belonging to the Aśmaka country." During the Buddha's time, a branch of the Aśmaka people settled in the region between the Narmada and Godavari rivers in central India.[8][9]
It has been claimed that the aśmaka (Sanskrit for "stone") where Aryabhata originated may be the present day Kodungallur which was the historical capital city of Thiruvanchikkulam of ancient Kerala.[10] This is based on the belief that Koṭuṅṅallūr was earlier known as Koṭum-Kal-l-ūr ("city of hard stones"); however, old records show that the city was actually Koṭum-kol-ūr ("city of strict governance"). Similarly, the fact that several commentaries on the Aryabhatiya have come from Kerala has been used to suggest that it was Aryabhata's main place of life and activity; however, many commentaries have come from outside Kerala, and the Aryasiddhanta was completely unknown in Kerala.[8] K. Chandra Hari has argued for the Kerala hypothesis on the basis of astronomical evidence.[11]
Aryabhata mentions "Lanka" on several occasions in the Aryabhatiya, but his "Lanka" is an abstraction, standing for a point on the equator at the same longitude as his Ujjayini.[12
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Explanation:
His major work, Aryabhatiya, a compendium of mathematics and astronomy, was extensively referred to in the Indian mathematical literature and has survived to modern times. The mathematical part of the Aryabhatiya covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry.
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