Tell about corona virus in detail
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Answer:
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people. , which has caused respiratory diseases in China
these are spreading at different countries of the world at a high rate. l think it starts from cold. these viruses are are inherited to the offsprings from parents if the parents are the sufferers of coronavirus. so guys please stay safe and away from coronaviruses.
please mark me as the brainliest
Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. In cows and pigs they cause diarrhea, while in mice they cause hepatitis and encephalomyelitis. There are as yet no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
History of coronavirus -
Infection of coronavirus was first known in the late 1920s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens emerged in North America.[15][16] Arthur Schalk and M.C. Hawn made the first definitive report in 1931 as a new respiratory infection of chickens in North Dakota. The infection of new-born chicks was characterized by gasping and listlessness with high mortality rate of 40–90%.[17] Leland David Bushnell and Carl Alfred Brandly isolated the virus in 1933.[18] The virus was then known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Charles D. Hudson and Fred Robert Beaudette cultivated the virus for the first time in 1937.[19] The specimen is known as Beaudette strain. In the late 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses, JHM that caused brain disease (murine encephalitis) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) that caused hepatitis in mice were discovered.[20] It was not realized at the time that these three different viruses were related.[21]
Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s[22][23] using two different methods in the United Kingdom and the United States.[24] E.C. Kendall, Malcolm Bynoe, and David Tyrrell working at the Common Cold Unit of the British Medical Research Council collected a unique common cold virus designated B814 in 1961.[25][26][27] The virus could not be cultivated using standard techniques which had successfully cultivated rhinoviruses, adenoviruses and other known common cold viruses. In 1965, Tyrrell and Bynoe successfully cultivated the novel virus by serially passing it through organ culture of human embryonic trachea.[28] The new cultivating method was introduced to the lab by Bertil Hoorn.[29] The isolated virus when intranasally inoculated into volunteers caused a cold and was inactivated by ether which indicated it had a lipid envelope.[25][30] Dorothy Hamre[31] and John Procknow at the University of Chicago isolated a novel cold from medical students in 1962. They isolated and grew the virus in kidney tissue culture, assigning it as 229E. The novel virus caused a cold in volunteers and was inactivated by ether similarly as B814.[32]
Transmission electron micrograph of organ cultured coronavirus OC43
Tyrrell, with the help of Scottish virologist June Almeida at St. Thomas Hospital in London, compared the structures of IBV, B814 and 229E in 1967.[33][34] Using electron microscopy the three viruses were shown to be morphologically related by their general shape and distinctive club-like spikes.[35] A research group at the National Institute of Health the same year was able to isolate another member of this new group of viruses using organ culture and named one of the samples OC43 (OC for organ culture).[36] Like B814, 229E, and IBV, the novel cold virus OC43 had distinctive club-like spikes when observed with the electron microscope.
The IBV-like novel cold viruses were soon shown to be also morphologically related to the mouse hepatitis virus.[20] This new group viruses were named coronaviruses after their distinctive morphological appearance.[10] Human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43 continued to be studied in subsequent decades.[39][40] The coronavirus strain B814 was lost. It is not known which present human coronavirus it was.[41] Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2003, HCoV HKU1 in 2004, MERS-CoV in 2013, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2020.[42][43] There have also been a large number of animal coronaviruses identified since the 1960s.