Tell me about box jellyfish in 350 - 400 words
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Explanation:
Although the box jellyfish has been called "the world's most venomous creature",[19] only a few species in the class have been confirmed to be involved in human deaths, and some species pose no serious threat at all.[6]
In Australia, fatalities are most often caused by the largest species of this class of jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri. Since Australia began keeping records in the late 1800s there have been 79 fatalities from this species, the most recent being a 17 year old boy who was stung while swimming at a beach on Queensland’s western Cape York in February 2021.[20] The previous fatality was in 2007.[21]
Researchers at the University of Hawaii's Department of Tropical Medicine found the venom causes cells to become porous enough to allow potassium leakage, causing hyperkalemia, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse and death as quickly as within 2 to 5 minutes. It was postulated that a zinc compound may be developed as an antidote.[22]
In Australia, C. fleckeri has caused at least 79 deaths since the first report in 1883,[23][24] but even in this species most encounters appear to result only in mild envenoming.[25] While most recent deaths in Australia have been in children, which is linked to their smaller body mass,[23] in 2021 a 17 year old boy died about 10 days after being stung.[24] In parts of the Malay Archipelago, the number of lethal cases is far higher (in the Philippines alone, an estimated 20-40 die annually from Chirodropid stings), probably owing to limited access to medical facilities and antivenom, and the fact that many Australian beaches are enclosed in nets and have vinegar placed in prominent positions allowing for rapid first aid.[25][26] Vinegar is also used as treatment by locals in the Philippines.[27]
Explanation:
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