Question

Tell me about social and religious diversity of india ??

Answer 1

The Census of India records the religion of the population every ten years. Thus, we have reliable information on the proportion of
different religious communities in the country and how it has changed over the years.
The present population proportion of six major religious groups in the country shows that since Independence, the total population of each group has increased substantially, but their proportion in the country's population has not changed much. However, the population of the Hindus, Jains and Christians has
declined marginally since 1961, while the proportion of Muslim, Sikh and Buddhist population has increased slightly. In overall terms, the population balance of different religious groups is thus not likely to
change in a big way in the future.
The same is true of in major caste groups. The Census of India counts two social groups, viz the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. The Scheduled Castes, commonly known as Dalits, include those that
were previously regarded as 'outcasts' in the Hindu social order and were subjected to exclusion and untouchability.

The Scheduled Tribes, often referred to as Adivasis, include those communities that led a secluded life, usually in hills and forests and did not interact much with the rest of society. In 2001, the Scheduled Castes were 16.2 per cent and the Scheduled Tribes were 8.2 per cent of the country's population. According to Census 2011, the Scheduled Castes are 16.6 per cent and Scheduled Tribes are 8.6 per cent of the country's population. The Census does not yet count the Other Backward Classes (OBCS).Hence, there are some differences about their proportion in the country's population. The Sachar Committee report of 2006 revealed that Scheduled Castes and Tribes of India are not limited to the religion of Hinduism. The 61st round survey of NSSO found that 90 per cent of the Buddhist, one-third of the Christians and ne-third of the Sikhs belonged to the SCs and STs of India.

Answer 2

a. India certainly represents a unique country with its myriad cultures, social diversity in terms of disparate languages, religions, castes and sub castes.

b. Such a form of social diversity have always found expression in politics who have tried to ensure due recognition and respect for its identity. You can take example caste whereby Lower caste have waged a struggle for equality demanding an end to discrimination and injustice they were subjected to, Reservation policy was an answer to such a movement,

c. Every region in India is characterized by diversity in terms of its culture, language spoken, there are different ethnic groups each making a demand  on the state machinery to recognize its interests. For example, there is great deal of variation between North Indian States and South Indian states in terms of language, culture etc.

d.  India also witnesses Regional disparities, while we see some regions are developed, some are considered to be underdeveloped.We seen a rise in regional aspirations whereby regions have demanded more funds from the center, increased autonomy, more financial autonomy, even demand for a separate state to woo a particular ethnic group. Examples of formation of Chattisgarh, Uttrakand can be seen in this context.

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