Tell me in brief about Humayun , Bahadurshah , Babar
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Babur - Zahir-ud-Din Mohammad, surnamed Babur was born in 1483. He was connected with both the families of Timur and Chengiz Khan Thus he had in him the blood of the two greatest conquerors of Central Asia.
Babur is one of the most remarkable personalities in the history of Medieval India. He laid his foundation of the Mughal rule in India defeating Sultan Ibrahim lodi in the battle field of Panipat in 1526 A.D. He was son of Umar Saikh Mirza.
The ruler of Farghna. Babur succeeded to die throne of Farghna in 1494 A.D. After the death of his father, soon after his accession, Babur found himself surrounded by formidable enemies on all sides.
He got a victory in first battle of Panipat in 1526. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat. Babur defeated the Afghan army by his superior combination of Cavalry and artillary and occupied Delhi and Agra.
The victory of Babur in the battle field of Panipath led to the establishment of Mughal Empire in India. But this victory did not give him virtual sovereignty over the country
After the battle of Panipat, Babur compelled the Afghan chief Shaikh Guren. Firoz Khan and Muhammad Khan Lohani to offer his submission.
His eldest son Humayun occupied Sambhal, Rapti, Etwab and Dholpur which were the strong hold of the Afghan chief.
Humayun - Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, and Bangladesh from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early but regained it with the aid of the Safavid dynasty of Persia, with additional territory. At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometres.
In December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power, at the age of 22. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul and Kandahar, the northernmost parts of their father's empire. Mirza was to become a bitter rival of Humayun.
Humayun lost Mughal territories to Sher Shah Suri, but regained them 15 years later with Safavid aid. Humayun's return from Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen and signalled an important change in Mughal court culture. The Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language, and literature. There are many stone carvings and thousands of Persian manuscripts in India dating from the time of Humayun.
Subsequently, Humayun further expanded the Empire in a very short time, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar.
Bahadur Shah Zafar - Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal emperor of India who was born in 1775 at Delhi. He was named Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar during his birth but was more popular as Bahadur Shah Zafar. His father was Akbar Shah and his mother was Lalbai. He ascended the throne at a very advanced age, after the death of his father, in 1837. He was last ruler of the Mughal Dynasty, which ruled India for about 300 years. He did not rule over his empire with a strong hand because of the rising power of the British.
During Bahadur Shah Zafar's reign, Urdu poetry developed and reached its acme. Influenced by his grandfather and father who were also poets, even he developed this creative skill. He also contributed in the literary field. His poetry mostly dealt with love and mysticism. He even wrote of the pain and sorrow that he faced by the British. He was also a great patron of eminent and famous Urdu poets like Mirza Ghalib, Zauk, Momin and Daagh of his time. Most of his Urdu Ghazals were lost during the war of 1857. Some of them which were saved, were compiled and named Kulliyat-I-Zafar.