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Answers
A1. Latent is the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state that occurs without changing its temperature.
A2. Yes, the kinetic energy of the particles increases during change of state.
It only happens during heating of any substance.
A3. The S.I. unit of the latent heat of fusion is J kg-1.
A4. The latent heat of vaporization of water is about 2,260 kJ/kg, which is equal to 40.8 kJ/mol.
B5. Latent heat of fusion, also known as enthalpy of fusion, is the amount of energy that must be supplied to a solid substance typically in the form of heat in order to trigger a change in its physical state and convert it into a liquid when the pressure of the environment is kept constant. The latent heat of fusion of a substance also accounts for the energy required to accommodate any increase in the volume of the substance post the change of its physical state. The temperature at which the substance undergoes the phase transition is called the melting point of the substance. This temperature point can also be referred to as the freezing point of the substance when the heat of solidification is being considered.
B6. The temperature remains constant during melting because the change in any state of matter as inn solid to liquid involves crossing the 'latent heat of fusion' which causes a change in the intermolecular spacing of the molecules in the substance. The substance makes use of latent heat of fusion to overcome force of attraction between particles of solid to change into liquid during melting and latent heat of vaporization to overcome force of attraction between particles of liquid to change into vapour during boiling. Therefore, temperature remains constant.
B7. Steam has more energy than boiling water. It possesses the additional latent heat of vaporization. So, when steam falls on skin and condenses to produce water it gives out 22.5 x 105 J/kg more heat than boiling water at the same temperature. Steam has more energy than boiling water. Therefore, burns produced by steam are more severe than those produced by boiling water.
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