tell the brief defination of salts class 10 chemistry
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Explanation:
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Salts and their Properties
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The compounds formed by the reaction between an acids and a bases are known as a salts.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Salts are ionic compounds which contain positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. During salt formation cation is coming from base and anion is coming from acid.
Example: In Sodium chloride (NaCl) formation cation sodium is coming from sodium hydroxide and anion chlorine is coming from hydrochloric acid.
Classification of salts:
Based on nature the salts have been classified into different types. They are:
Normal salts
Acidic salts
Basic salts
Double salts
Complex salts
Normal salts:
These salts are formed by the complete replacement of hydrogen in acids by other metal cations from the bases.
NaCl is normal salt formed by the reaction of HCl with NaOH.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Acidic salts:
Salts which are formed by the partial replacement of hydrogens atoms of acids are called acidic salts.
Example:
NaHSO4 is formed when partial replacement of hydrogen atoms by the sodium atoms of base.
H2SO4 + NaOH → NaHSO4 + H2O
In general these salts formed when the reacted base is not sufficient for the neutralisation of acid.
Basic salts:
Salts which are formed by the partial replacement of hydroxyl group are called basic salts.
Example:
Ca(OH)Cl is formed by the partial replacement of hydroxide group from Ca(OH)2 by chloride ions of acid.
Ca(OH)2 + HCl → Ca(OH)Cl + H2O
In general these salts formed when the reacted acid is not sufficient for the neutralisation of base.
Table below giving neutral, acidic and basic salts.
Type of Salt Type of Acid Type of Base Example
Neutral
pH = 7 Strong Acids
Examples:
HCl
H2SO4 Strong Bases
Examples:
NaOH
KOH NaCl
K2SO4
Acidic
pH < 7 Strong Acids
Examples:
HCl
HNO3 Strong Bases
Examples:
NH4OH
Mg(OH)2 NH4Cl
Mg(NO3)2
Basic
pH > 7 Weak Acids
Examples:
H2CO3
CH3COOH Strong Bases
Examples:
NaOH
KOH Na2CO3
CH3COOK
Double salts:
Salts that are formed by mixing of two simple salts which are obtained crystallisation.
Example:
Potash alum - K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 .24H2O
Dolomite - CaCO3.MgCO3
Complex salts:
The salts which contains different types of metal atoms which on hydrolysis produces complex ions along with simple ions are called complex salts.
Example:
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl ⇄ [Ag ( NH3 )2 ]+ + Cl-
Answer:
salts are formed by the neutrilisation reaction
by the reaction of acid and base
like
hcl+ naoh= tata namak means (nacl)