tell the types of Hybridization in inorganic compounds
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Answers
Answer:
Hybridization is defined as the concept of mixing two atomic orbitals with the same energy levels to give a degenerated new type of orbitals. This intermixing is based on quantum mechanics. The atomic orbitals of the same energy level can only take part in hybridization and both full filled and half-filled orbitals can also take part in this process provided they have equal energy.
During the process of hybridization, the atomic orbitals of similar energy are mixed together such as the mixing of two ‘s’ orbitals or two ‘p’ orbital’s or mixing of an ‘s’ orbital with a ‘p’ orbital or ‘s’ orbital with a ‘d’ orbital.
Table of Content
Types
sp Hybridization
sp2 Hybridization
sp3 Hybridization
sp3d Hybridization
sp3d2 Hybridization
Key Features
FAQs
What is Hybridization?
Redistribution of the energy of orbitals of individual atoms to give orbitals of equivalent energy happens when two atomic orbitals combine together to form hybrid orbital in a molecule. This process is called hybridization. The new orbitals thus formed are known as hybrid orbitals.
⇒ Also Read
Chemical Bonding
Molecular Orbital Theory
Types of Hybridization
Based on the types of orbitals involved in mixing, the hybridization can be classified as sp3, sp2, sp, sp3d, sp3d2, sp3d3. Let us now discuss the various types of hybridization along with their examples.
sp Hybridization
sp hybridization is observed when one s and one p orbital in the same main shell of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are called sp hybridized orbitals. It forms linear molecules with an angle of 180°
This type of hybridization involves the mixing of one ‘s’ orbital and one ‘p’ orbital of equal energy to give a new hybrid orbital known as an sp hybridized orbital.
sp hybridization is also called diagonal hybridization.
Each sp hybridized orbital has an equal amount of s and p character, i.e., 50% s and p character.
sp Hybridization
Examples of sp Hybridization:
All compounds of beryllium like BeF2, BeH2, BeCl2
All compounds of carbon-containing triple Bond like C2H2.
sp2 Hybridization
sp2 hybridisation is observed when one s and two p orbitals of the same shell of an atom mix to form 3 equivalent orbital. The new orbitals formed are called sp2 hybrid orbitals.
sp2 hybridization is also called trigonal hybridization.
sp hybridization (beryllium chloride, acetylene)
sp2 hybridization (boron trichloride, ethylene)
sp3 hybridization (methane, ethane)
sp3d hybridization (phosphorus pentachloride)
sp3d2 hybridization (sulfur hexafluoride)
sp3d3 hybridization (iodine heptafluoride)
⇒ Know more about VSEPR theory its postulates and limitations
Among sp, sp2 and sp3, which hybrid orbital is more electronegative?
The percentage of s character in sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized carbon is 50%, 33.33%, and 25% respectively.
⇒ Also Read:
Hydrogen Bonding
Covalent Bond
Explanation:mark me brainleast